Sunday, August 5, 2012

Note on Right forms of verb for SSC Exam

 Rule-1: বাক্যে ব্রাকেটের মধ্যে যদি Be Verb থাকে তবে Be Verb-টি Subject-এর Number, Person ও বাক্যের Tense অনুযায়ী am, is, are/was, were হয়। তবে বাক্যের Subject Singular হলে বাক্যের Verbটি Singular হবে, আর বাক্যের Subjectটি Plural হলে Verbটিও Plural হবে। উদাহরণ:
Ques. The colour of his eyes (be) grey.
Ans. The colour of his eyes is grey. (এখানে colour শব্দটি Subject)।
Ques. People (be) waiting.
Ans. People are waiting.
বি. দ্র. Subjectটি গাণিতিক সংখ্যা হলে (Unit) Subject-এর পরের Verbটি Singular হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. Sixty cents of it (be) in pennies
Ans. Sixty cents of it was in pennies
Ques. Eight miles (be) a long distance
Ans. Eight miles is a long distance
Rule-2: বাক্য দ্বারা যদি কোনো চিরন্তন সত্য বা প্রাকৃতিক সত্য বোঝায়, তবে বাক্যটি Present Indefinite tense-এ হবে। উদাহরণ:
Ques. The sun (rise) in the east.
Ans. The sun rises in the east.
Ques. Ice (float) on water
Ans. Ice floats on water
Rule-3: Daily, regularly, usually, naturally often, frequently, generally, every day প্রভৃতি শব্দ যুক্ত বাক্য Present Indefinite tense-এ হবে। উদাহরণ:
Ques. Spring (succeed) winter naturally.
Ans. Spring succeeds winter naturally.
Ques. The boy usually (like) mango.
Ans. The boy usually likes mango.
Rule-4 : Just, already, recently, yet, never, ever, lately প্রভৃতি শব্দ যুক্ত বাক্য Present Perfect tense-এ হবে। উদাহরণ:
Ques. I just (to receive) your letter
Ans. I have just to received your letter
Ques. He already (reach) here.
Ans. He already reached here.
Rule-5 : অতীত নির্দেশক শব্দ বা phrase যেমন yesterday, ago, long since, last night ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb-এর past form হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. He (leave) home last night.
Ans. He left home last night.
Ques. I (see) you long ago.
Ans. I saw you long ago.
Rule-6 : Since যদি Sentence-এ Conjunction হিসেবে ব্যবহূত হয় এবং এমন ক্ষেত্রে যদি Sentence-এর প্রথম অংশ Present Perfect Tense বা Present Indefinite Tense হয়, তবে Since-এর পরের অংশের Verb এর Past Indefinite Tense হবে। কিন্তু Since এর পূর্বের অংশের Verb যদি Past Indefinite Tense হয়, তবে পরের অংশের Verb হবে Past Perfect Tense. উদাহরণ:
Ques. Two years have passed since my father (die)
Ans. Two years have passed since my father died.
Ques. It was many years since they first (meet)
Ans. It was many years since they had first met.
Rule-7: Adjective-এর পূর্বে the থাকলে ব্রাকেটের verbটি plural হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. The pious (to be) happy.
Ans. The pious are happy.
Ques. The poor (to have) no food and shelter.
Ans. The poor have no food and shelter.
Rule-8: If যুক্ত Conditional clauseটি Present Indefinite tense হলে পরের clauseটি future tense-এ হবে। উদাহরণ:
Ques. If he works hard, he (shine) in life.
Ans. If he works hard, he will shine in life.
Ques. If he comes, I (go).
Ans. If he comes, I will go.
Rule-9: If যুক্ত অংশটি Past Indefinite tense-এ থাকলে পরের clauseটির ব্রাকেটের verb-এর আগে would/could বসে। উদাহরণ:
Ques. If he was there, I (meet) him.
Ans. If he was there, I would meet him.
Ques. If I saw him, I (talk) to him.
Ans. If I saw him, I would talk to him.
Rule-10: If যুক্ত অংশটি Past Perfect Tense-এ থাকলে পরের clauseটির subject-এর পরে would have/might have + ব্রাকেটের verb-এর past participle form হবে + পরের অংশ হবে। উদাহরণ:
Ques. If he had been a king, he (help) the poor.
Ans. If he had been a king, he would have helped the poor.
Ques. If I (see) him, I would have met him.
Ans. If I had seen him, I would have met him.

Rule-11: Subject-এর যদি Third Person এবং Singular Number হয়, আর verb-এর যদি Present Indefinite Tense এবং Indicative Mood হয়, তাহলে verb-এর শেষে s বা es যোগ করতে হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. Rehana (go) to school. Ans. Rehana goes to school.
Rule-12: বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বোঝালে verb-এর Present Continuous Tense হয়। এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহূত হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. Now the students (sing) the national anthem.
Ans. Now the students are singing the national anthem.
Rule-13 : কোনো Sentence-এ যদি Verb ‘to have’-এর রূপান্তর (has, have, had) থাকে তাহলে বন্ধনীর ভেতরের Verb-এর Past Participle হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. They have (go) to Dhaka.
Ans. They have gone to Dhaka.
Rule-14: Sentence-এ যদি No sooner had-than থাকে, তাহলে প্রথমে Clause-এর Verb-এর Past Participle হয় এবং দ্বিতীয় Clause-এর Verb-এর Past Form হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. No sooner had the rain (stop) than they (leave) the shelter.
Ans. No sooner had the rain stopped than they left the shelter.
Rule-15: Sentence-এ যদি had rather, had sooner, had better, would rather, would better, must, let, need ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে প্রদত্ত Verb-এর Present form হয় এবং এর পূর্বে ‘to’ থাকলে তা লোপ পায়। অর্থাৎ Verb-এর base form কিংবা bare Infinitive ব্যবহূত হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. I had better (go) home by this time.
Ans. I had better go home by this time.

Rule-16: Sentence-এর শুরুতে যদি Would that/Oh that থাকে তাহলে Subject-এর পরে could বসে এবং বন্ধনীতে প্রদত্ত verb-এর Present form হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. Would that I (go) to America.
Ans. Would that I could go to America.
Rule-17: Sentence-এ ‘to be’ এবং having থাকলে মূল Verb-এর Past Participle হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. The thief ran away having (see) the policeman.
Ans. The thief ran away having seen the policeman.
Ques. The Headmaster wants the boy to be (expel).
Ans. The Headmaster wants the boy to be expelled.
Rule-18: Sentence-এ যদি wish, fancy, it is time, it is high time ইত্যাদি থাকে, তাহলে বন্ধনীস্থ Verb-এর Past Tense হয়। উদাহরণ:Ques. I wish, I (win) the prize.
Ans. I wish, I won the prize.
Ques. I fancy, I (fly) among the stars.
Ans. I fancy, I flew among the stars.
Ques. It is time that the government (take) measures against the mosquito menace.
Ans. It is time that the government took measures against the mosquito menace.
Rule-19: যদি বন্ধনীস্থ Verb-এর পূর্বে Preposition এবং cannot help/could not help/with a view to/look forward to/would you mind/used to/without/past/mind/worth ইত্যাদি থাকে, তাহলে সেই Verb-এর ing form হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. I go to the market with a view to (see) people.
Ans. I go to the market with a view to seeing people.
Ques. A am looking forward to (stand) first in the class.
Ans. A am looking forward to standing first in the class.
Ques. I often think of (go) to the sea-beach.
Ans. I often think of going to the sea-beach.
Ques. I don’t mind (have) a cup of tea.
Ans. I don’t mind having a cup of tea.
Ques. This job is worth (undertake).
Ans. This job is worth undertaking.
Rule-20: Auxiliary verb ‘to be’-এর রূপান্তর (am, is, are, was, were, shall be, will be) থাকলে Passive Voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে মূল Verb-এর Past Participle হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. The boy is (sent) to school.
Ans. The boy is sent to school.
Rule-21: Since/for+Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
Present perfect বা Present Perfect Continuous Tense-এ period of time বা কিছু কালব্যাপী সময় বোঝাতে তার পূর্বে for এবং নির্দিষ্ট সময় বা Point of time বোঝাতে তার পূর্বে since ব্যবহূত হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. It (to rain) since morning.
Ans. It has been raining since morning.
Ques. It (to rain) for seven days.
Ans. It has been raining for seven days.
Rule-22: As though বা As if দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে, সে ক্ষেত্রে তাদের পূর্ববর্তী clauseটি present tense হলে, পরবর্তী clauseটি Past Indefinite tense হবে। কিন্তু to be verb-এর ক্ষেত্রে সব Person-এর সঙ্গে were বসবে। উদাহরণ:
Ques. He talks as if he (to be) mad.
Ans. He talks as if he were mad.
Ques. He talks as though he (to own) the house.
Ans. He talks as though he owned the house.
Rule-23: একটি simple sentence-এ দুটি Verb ব্যবহূত হলে দ্বিতীয় Verbটি সাধারণত Present participle-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. I saw the girl (to do) her work.
Ans. I saw the girl doing her work.
Ques. I heard the baby (to cry).
Ans. I heard the baby crying.
Ques. The sailor saw the ship (to come) towards the port.
Ans. The sailor saw the ship coming towards the port.




Rule-24: When বা After দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে when বা after-এর পূর্ববর্তী clauseটি Future বা Present indefinite tense হলে, পরবর্তী clauseটি Present perfect tense হবে।
Ques. I shall go to college after I (Leave) school.
Ans. I shall go to college after I have left school.
Ques. The children become tired when they (play) too much.
Ans. The children become tired when they have played too much.
Rule-25: ভবিষ্যতে কোনো কার্য সম্পন্ন হয়ে থাকবে, এরূপ বিশ্বাস বা অনুমান বোঝালে Verb-এর Future perfect tense ব্যবহূত হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. He (to reach) Dhaka by this time.
Ans. He will have reached Dhaka by this time.
Ques. You (to receive) the letter shortly.
Ans. You will have received the letter shortly.
Rule-26: That দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে এবং That-এর পূর্ববতী clauseটি Past Indefinite tense হলে, পরবর্তী clauseটি Past perfect tense হবে। যথা:
Ques. Rahim said that he (to see) her dancing.
Ans. Rahim said that he had seen her dancing.
Ques. Jaman said that he (to do) the work.
Ans. Jaman said that he had done the work.
Rule-27: When, what, where, why, who, whom ইত্যাদি Interrogative word দিয়ে Interrogative sentence শুরু হলে Person ও tense অনুসারে এদের পরে Subject-এর পূর্বে Auxiliary verb বসে এবং মূল verb-এর Present Indefinite tense হয়। উদাহরণ:
Ques. Where you (to go) yesterday?
Ans. Where did you go yesterday?
Ques. What you (like) to eat?
Ans. What do you like to eat?

Rule-28: Keep, help, without, remain ইত্যাদির পরবর্তী verb-এর সাধারণত Gerund বা Present participle বসে এবং Sentenceটি Negative form-এ থাকে। উদাহরণ:
Ques. I Can’t help (to laugh) at his words.
Ans. I Can’t help laughing at his words.
Ques. I Can’t go there without (to leave) her.
Ans. I Can’t go there without leaving her.
Ques. I Can’t keep (to stand) any more.
Ans. I Can’t keep standing any more.
Ques. The baby can’t remain (to talk).
Ans. The baby can’t remain talking.

Rule-29: ভবিষ্যতে কোনো কিছু করার Intention বা ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করতে Subject-এর পর ‘Be verb+going to’ ব্যবহূত হয়। এ ক্ষেত্রে ‘Be verb+going to’-এর পরবর্তী Verb-Infinitive যোগে গঠিত হয়। উদাহরণ:

Ques. He (to go) to build a house.
Ans. He is going to build a house.
Ques. I (to go) to japan to study medicine.
Ans. I am going to Japan to study medicine.

Rule-30: Lest দ্বারা দুটি Clause যুক্ত হলে দ্বিতীয় Clause-এর মূল Verb এর পূর্বে Should বসে। উদাহরণ:

Ques. Work hard lest you (fail) in the Examination.
Ans. Work hard lest you should fail in the Examination.
Ques. Run fast lest you (miss) the train.
Ans. Run fast lest you should miss the train.

 

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