Auxillaries and Modals

       AUXILLARIES OR HELPING VERBS :--
   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     These verbs are used with ordinary verbs to make tenses, passive forms, questions and
    negatives.
         
          Example :  Am, are, is, was, were,will be, shall be etc.

     MODALS :--
    ~~~~~~~~~
     These verbs are used before ordinary verbs and express meanings such as
     permission,possibility,
     certainty, and necessity.
          Example :  Can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must and ought etc.

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      USES OF AUXILLARIES AND MODALS :--
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    [1]. BE ( am, is, was, were, will be etc.):--
    ==============================
      (a) In the formation of the continuous tense ;as,
          * He is working.
          * I am reading.

      (b) In the formation of the passive ;as,
          * The gate was opened.
          * The students were taught a lesson.

         [ Be + to ] is used :--
       (a) To indicate a plan ; as,
          * I am to see him tomorrow.
          * We are to get married next month.
       (b) To denote command ; as,
          * You are to write your name at the top of each sheet of paper.
          * Mother says you are to go to market at once.

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    [2]. HAVE ( HAS, HAD ):--
    ===================
       (a) In the formation of perfect tense ; as,
          * He has worked.
          * She had been playing.
       (b) To indicate obligation ; as,
          * I have to be there by six o' clock.
          * He had to move the furniture himself.
       (c) In negatives and questions ; as,
          * They don't have to go.
          * Does he have to go ?

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     [3]. DO ( DOES, DID ):--
    ==================
       (a) To form negative and questions ; as,
          * He doesn't work.
          * Did he go ?
       (b) To avoid repetition of verb ; as,
          * Do you know him ? Yes, I do.
          * He eats fish and so do you.
       (c) To emphasize the affirmative nature of a statement ; as,
          * Do come to my party.
          * Do be quite.

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     [4]. CAN, COULD :--
    ===============

       (a) To express ability ; as,
          * I could swim across the river when I was young.
          * Can you lift the box ?
       (b) To express permission; as,
          * You can go home.
          * Can I borrow your umbrella.

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     [5]. MAY, MIGHT :--
    ===============
       (a) To express permission ( formal ) ; as,
         
          * May I come in ?
          * You may go now.
       (b) To express possibility in affirmative sentences ; as,
          * It may rain tomorrow.
          * I thought he might be at home.
       (c) To express a wish ; as,
          * May success attend you.
          * May you live long.

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    [6]. SHALL, SHOULD :--
   =================
       (a) To express pure future (in Ist person) ; as,
          * I shall do it.
          * We shall go to market.
       (b) To express duty ; as,
          * We should obey the law.
          * You should keep your promise.

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    [7]. WILL, WOULD :--
   ================

       (a) To express future (in all persons) ; as,
          * Tomorrow will be Sunday.
          * She will go to Delhi.
       (b) To express volition, habit, request ; as,
          * I will carry your books.
          * He would talk about nothing but films.
          * Will you have tea ?

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    [8]. MUST :--
   ============
      (a) To express necessity, obligation ;as,
         * We must get up early.
         * I must be on diet.
      (b) To express logical certainty ;as,
         * She must have left already.
         * Living here must be difficult.

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    [9].OUGHT TO :--
   ============
       (a) To express moral obligation ; as,
          * We ought to love our neighbour.
          * You ought to help poor.
       (b) To express probability ; as,
          * This book ought to be very useful.
          * Prices ought to come down soon.

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    [10]. USED TO , NEED, DARE :--
   =========================
       (a) To express a discontinued habit ; as,
          * I used to play hockey when I was a boy.
          * He used to swim daily.
       (b) To express necessity or obligation ;as,
          * Do you need to go now ?
          * Ineed your help.
       (c) Dare == be brave enough is used ; as,
          * How dare you push me ?
          * He dared not do it.

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