Friday, August 24, 2012

Rules on Transformation of Sentences

Transformation of Sentences-এর কিছু Rule নিচে দেওয়া হলো
Complex থেকে Simple-এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
Rule-1: If দ্বারা গঠিত শর্তমূলক Complex Sentence-কে Simple করার সময় i. Sentencesটি Negative হলে ‘without’ এবং Affirmative হলে ‘By’ দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়; ii. If থেকে Verb-এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়; iii. If যুক্ত clause-এর Main Verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়;
iv. Verb-এর পরের অংশ বসে; v. দ্বিতীয় Clauseটি অপরিবর্তিত থাকে; যেমন—
Complex : If you do not take physical exercise, you will not be healthy.
Simple: Without taking physical exercise, you will not be healthy.
Complex: If we read newspapers, we can learn many things of the world.
Simple: By reading newspapers, we can learn many things of the world.
Complex: If you had not studied hard, you could not do well in the exam.
Simple: Try yourself.
Complex: If you work hard, you will prosper in life.
Simple: Try yourself.
Rule-2: Though/Although যুক্ত Complex Sentence-কে simple করার সময়—
i. Though/Although-এর পরিবর্তে ‘Inspite of ‘ বসে; ii. Sub-ordinate Clause -এর Subject-এর Possessive form বসে; iii. মূল verb-এর সঙ্গে ‘ing’ যুক্ত হয়; iv. Sub-ordinate Clause-এর object ও Main Clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে; যেমন:
Complex : Though the man looks cruel, he is kind.
Simple : Inspite of the man’s looking cruel, he is kind.
Complex : Although he has vast riches, he wants more.
Simple :Inspite of his having vast riches, he wants more.
Complex: Though he tried heart and soul, he could not succeed.
Simple : Try yourself.
Complex : Although he was intelligent, he could not pass in the exam.
Simple : Try yourself.

Rule-3: So... that যুক্ত Complex Sentence-কে Simple করার সময়— i. So-এর পরিবর্তে too বসে; ii. that থেকে not পর্যন্ত অংশ উঠে যায়; iii. Sub-ordinate clause-এর verb-এর পূর্বে Infinitive to যুক্ত হয়ে Main Clause এর পরে বসে; যেমন: Complex : The baby was so little that it could not walk.
Simple : The baby was too little to walk.
Complex : He is so poor that he can not buy a car.
Simple : He is too poor to buy a car.
Complex : He was so tired that he Could not move.
Simple :Try yourself.
Complex : The master of Aesop was so lazy that he could not rise early.
Simple : Try yourself.
Rule-4: ‘So that’ যুক্ত Complex Sentence-এর Sub-ordinate Clouse দ্বারা যদি কোনো কাজের উদ্দেশ্য ব্যক্ত হয়, তাহলে তাকে Simple করার সময়—
i. Main Clause অপরিবর্তিত থেকে Sentence-এর প্রথমে বসে;
ii. So থেকে Main verb-এর পূর্বের অংশ উঠে যায়;
iii. Sub-ordinate clause-এর Main verb এর পূর্বে to যুক্ত হয়ে বাকি অংশ বসে;
যেমন: Complex : He worked hard so that he could prosper in life.
Simple : He worked hard to prosper in life
Complex : I went there so that I could meet my brother.
Simple : I went there to meet my brother.
Complex : We eat so that we may live.
Simple : Try yourself.
Complex : Della sold her hair so that she could buy a gift.
Simple : Try yourself.





Rule-5: When যুক্ত Complex Sentence দ্বারা কোনো চলমান সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকলে/কোনো কাজ করা বোঝালে Simple করার সময়—
i. When-এর পরিবর্তে ‘At the time of’ বসে;
ii. Sub-ordinate Clause-এর Subject-এর Possessive form বসে।
iii. Main verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যুক্ত হয়;
iv. Sub-ordinate Clause-এর object ও Main Clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে; যেমন:
Complex: When he was digging the earth a snake came out.
Simple : At the time of his digging the earth, a snake came out.
Complex : When he was Climbing tree, he fell down.
Simple : At the time of his climbing tree, he fell down.
Complex : When the woke up, it was raining.
Simple : Try yourself.
Complex : When I was eating, the bell rang.
Simple : Try yourself.
Compound থেকে Complex-এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
Rule-1 : ‘So’ এবং ‘and’ যুক্ত Compound Sentence-এর প্রথম Clauseটি যদি পরবর্তী Clouse-এর কাজের কারণ হয়; সেই ক্ষেত্রে Complex-এ পরিবর্তনের সময়—
i. কারণ যুক্ত Clause-এর প্রথমে since/as/because বসে;
ii. ‘and’ উঠে এর পরিবর্তে কমা (,) বসে;
iii. অপর Clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে;
যেমন: Compound : He was ill and he could not attend school.
Complex : As he was ill, he could not attend school.
Compound : He was old so he could not walk fast.
Complex : As he was old, he could not walk fast.
Compound: There was an accident and I was late for school.
Complex : Try yourself.
Compound: She did not feel well, so she decided to stay at home.
Complex : Try yourself.
Rule-2 : ‘And’ যুক্ত Compound Sentence-এর দুটি Clause দ্বারা যদি পর পর দুটি কাজ সংঘটিত হওয়ার উল্লেখ থাকে, সেই ক্ষেত্রে Complex-এ পরিবর্তনের সময়—
i. প্রথম Cause-এর পূর্বে ‘when’ বা ‘As soon as’ বসে;
ii. And উঠে এর পরিবর্তে কমা (,) বসে;
iii. দ্বিতীয় Clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে;
যেমন: Compound: The marriage ceremony was over and the guests were going to the feast.
Complex : When the marriage ceremony was over, the guests were going to the feast.
Compound : The sun had risen and the fog dispersed.
Complex : As soon as the sun had risen, the fog dispersed.
Compound : The door opened and Jim stepped in.
Complex : Try yourself.
Compound : The sun had set and we returned home.
Complex : Try yourself.
Rule-3: And যুক্ত Compound Sentence-এর প্রথম Clauseটি যদি কাজের শর্ত এবং দ্বিতীয় Clause কাজের ফলাফল ব্যক্ত করে, সেই ক্ষেত্রে Complex-এ পরিবর্তনের সময়—
i. প্রথম Clause-এর পূর্বে ‘If you’ বসে;
ii. ‘and’ উঠে এর পরিবর্তে কমা (,) বসে;
iii. দ্বিতীয় Clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে;
যেমন:
Compound : Respect your friends and they will respect you.
Complex: If you respect your friends, they will respect you.
Compound: Eat fruits and vegetables and you will get vitamin.
Complex: It you cat fruits and vegetables, you will get vitamin.
Compound: Work hard and you will shine in life.
Complex : Try yourself.
Compound : Read and you will know.
Complex : Try yourself.
Rule-4:
‘But’ যুক্ত Compound Sentence-কে Complex করার সময়—
i. Sentence-এর প্রথমে Though বা Although বসে;
ii. But উঠে এর পরিবর্তে কমা (,) বসে;
iii. Sentence-এর আর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না;
যেমন: Compound : He ran fast but he could not catch the train.
Complex : Though he ran fast, he could not catch the train.
Compound : He is poor but he is honest.
Complex : Although he is poor, he is honest.
Compound: He was found guilty but he was exempted from punishment.
Complex : Try yourself.
Compound : He worked hard but he could not succeed in life.
Complex : Try yourself.
Rule-5: ‘Or’ বা ‘otherwise’ যুক্ত Compound Sentence-এর প্রথম Clauseটি যদি দ্বিতীয় Clouse-এর কাজের ফলাফলের শর্ত হয়, সেই ক্ষেত্রে Complex-এ পরিবর্তনের সময়—
i. প্রথম Clause-এর পূর্বে ‘If + Subject+ not’ বসে বা ‘unless’ বসে;
ii. ‘or’ বা otherwise উঠে এর পরিবর্তে কমা (,) বসে;
iii. দ্বিতীয় Clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে;
যেমন: Compound : Leave the place at once otherwise you will be punished.
Complex : Unless you leave the place at once, you will be punished.
Compound : Obey me or you will be punished.
Complex : It you do not obey me, you will be punished.
Compound : Work hard otherwise you can not succeed in life.
Complex : Try yourself.
Compound : Walk fast or you can not get the train.
Complex : Try yourself.

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