Exclusive note on Transformation of sentence

Simple ‡_‡K compound

Simple sentence	Complex sentence
Because of, for +noun/noun phrase, due to, Owing to, On account of, _vK‡j	Since/As n‡e|
Verb+ ing At the time of+ ing  verb_vK‡j	When n‡e|
By +verb+ing/verb+ing/without+verb+ing_vK‡j	If n‡e|
Despite _vK‡j In spite of _vK‡j Instead of_vK‡j	Though/Although n‡e|

Rule-1: Simple sentence  G ïi“‡ZB ing   hy³  verb  _v‡K Ges subject  hw` GKB nq Z‡e wb‡æi MVbvbyhvqx compound Ki‡Z n‡e|

MVbt ev‡K¨i  Subject + ing hy³ verb  Gi g~j iƒc‡K Tense   Abyhvqx cwieZ©b +Kgvi c~e© ch©š—+Kgv D‡V and +Gi c‡ii Ask|

†hgbt-

Simple: Going to market I bought a pen.

Compound: I went to market and bought a pen.

Dc‡ii D`vnibwU‡Z subject  ‘I’ ing  hy³ As‡k Subject  n‡q‡Q Ges evK¨wU  past tense  –G Av‡Q e‡j ‘going’ participle  wU‡K went  Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov ev‡K¨i Dfq As‡k Subject  GKB e‡j ‘and’  Gi c‡i Subject  Dn¨ ev silent  i‡q‡Q|

‡hgbt-

Simple: Finishing the work, they left the field.

Compound: They finished the work and left the work.

Simple: Going to the garden samia saw a red rose.

Compound:Samia went to the garden and saw a red rose.

Simple: Finishing the work, we went to the play ground.

Compound: We finished the work and went to the play ground.

Simple: Taking up his breakfast, the porter followed the girl.

Compound: The girl took the breakfast and followed the girl.

Rule-2: Simple sentence G hw` being  _v‡K Z‡e Zvi cwie‡Z©  to be verb (am,  is,   are, was,  were)  nq | ZvQvov Compound  Kivi mgq and  hy³ Ki‡Z nq|

MVbt cÖ_‡g evK¨w¯—Z Subject +tense  person Abyhvqx to be   Gi c‡ii Ask+ Kgv D‡V and  n‡e+evK¨w¯’Z subject  ev‡` Gi c‡ii Ask|

 †hgbt- Simple : Being poor, he could not buy a book.

Compound: He was poor and could not buy a book.

Simple: Being father, he cannot neglect his son.

Compound: He is father and cannot neglect his son.

Simple: Being fat, he cannot work hard.

Compound: He is fat and cannot work hard.

Z‡e Simple ev‡K¨ cÖ_‡gB Noun/pronoun _vK‡j  Compound G ev‡K¨i  cÖ_‡gB  noun/pronoun  subject   n‡e Ges  conjuction Gi c‡i wØZxq As‡ki Subject mn em‡e|

‡hgbt-

Rule-3: Simple sentence G having kãwU cmpound- G verb to have (have/has/had ) n‡e| Gme ev‡K¨ Subject  GKB _vK‡j wb‡æi MVb Abyhvqx compound   nq|

MVbt- evK¨w¯’Z Subject +Tense Abyhvqx verb to have +KgvÕi c~e© ch©š— +Kgv D‡V and  +evK¨w¯’Z  subject  Gi c‡ii Ask |

‡hgbt-

Simple : Having done the work, the farmers left the field.

Compound : The farmers had done the work and left the field

D`vnibwU‡Z  evK¨w¯kZ  Subject n‡”Q the farmers Ges having cwieZb n‡q had  n‡q‡Q |

Simple: Having written the letter, I posted it.

Compound:I had written the letter and posted it.

Simple: Having finished dinner, they went to bed.

Compound: They had finished dinner and went to bed.

Z‡e having hy³ Simple sentence-Gi ïi“‡ZB hw` Subject _v‡K Z‡e Compound sentence-Ki‡Z cÖ_‡g having Gi c‡ei Ask ev Subject +tense Abyhvqx verb to have +having  +having Gi ci †_‡K Kgv ch©š—+ Kgv D‡V and  + Kgvi c‡ii Ask|

Simple: The sun having set, we returned home.

Compound: The sun had set and we returned home.

GLv‡b ing hy&³ verb Gi Subject n‡”Q The sun Ges Aci As‡ki subject  n‡”Q we  myZivs `ywU-subject wfbœ n‡j and conjunction  Gi c‡i Aci subject wU AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e|

Simple: The meeting having finished, they returned home.

Compound: The meeting had finished and retuned home.

Rule-4: Simple sentence Gi ïi‡ZB hw` because of /owing to / due to /on accout of _v‡K Ges ev‡K¨i  subject hw` GK nq Z‡e wb‡æi MVb Abyhvqx Cmpound Ki‡Z nq Ges GB phrase  ¸wj ev` hv‡e|

MVbt- ev‡K¨i Subject +tense Abyhvqx to be verb  +because of Gi c‡ii noun Gi adjective form +Kgv D‡V and  n‡e+evK¨w¯’Z subject  Gi c‡ii Ask|

 †hgbt-

Simple : Because of his illness, he could not attend the meeting.

Compound : He was ill and could not attend the meeting.

Simple ev‡K¨i Subject wU compound ev‡K¨i Subject n‡q‡Q Ges and Gici GKB subject e‡j Zv Dn¨ ev silent Av‡Q|Simple ev‡K¨i illness-noun wU compound G Zv Adjective ‘ill’ n‡q‡Q| †hgbt-

Simple: Because of his laziness, the boy failed in the examination.

Compound: The boy was lazy and failed in the examination.

Simple G KviY hy³ As‡k because of e‡m| Compound Ki‡Z †M‡j Kvib g~jK Ask ïi“‡Z ivLv fvj| †hgbt-

Simple: Rana missed the train because of his laziness.

Compound: Rana was lazy and missed the train.

 wKš‘ because of, due to, owing to  BZ¨vw`i c‡i hw` cold, fog, rough weather, ing  hy³ impersonal verb (raining, snowing ) cÖf„„wZ _v‡K Z‡e Compound Ki‡Z c_‡g It+to be verb ( tense )  +cold, hot,strom,rough weather  BZ¨w` ing  hy³ verb + Kgv D‡V and + evK¨w¯’Z Subject †_‡K evKx Ask| †hgbt-

Simple: Because of cold, the boy did not go to school.

Compound :It was cold and the boy did not go to school.

Simple: Because of raining, I did not go to college.

Compound:It was raining and I did not go to college.

Rule-5: Simple ev‡K¨ hw` at, in, on BZ¨vw` preposition +time word ( mgh evPK kã) _v‡K Z‡e wb‡æi MVb Abyhvqx Compound  Ki‡Z nq|

MVbt- It + to be verb (tense Abyhvqx) +preposition in/on/at  D‡V c‡ii time word +Kgv D‡V andI evK¨w¯’Z Subject mn preposition Gi c~e ch©š— em‡e|‡hgbt-

Simple : It was in Khulna in winter.

Compound: It was winter and I was in Khulna.

Z‡e Simple   ev‡K¨ At the time of, In the moment of Gi c‡i ing  hy³ impersonal verb _vK‡j cÖ_‡g it +to be verb (tense Abyhvqx)+ing hy³ verb +Kgv D‡V and + KgvÕi c‡ii Ask ewm‡q Ki‡Z compound  n‡e| †hgbt-

Simple: At the time of raining, I was at home.

Compound: It was raining and I was at home.

 wKš‘ At the time of, in the moment of Gi ci  impersonal (Ae¨w³ePK) verb Qvov Ab¨ verb _K‡j wb‡æi MVb Abyhvqx compound Ki‡Z n‡e|†m‡¶‡Î At the time of ,at the moment of D‡V hv‡e Ges possessive case Gi Subject n‡e +tense Abyhvqx verb  +Kgv D‡V and +Kgvi c‡ii Ask| †hgbt-

Simple: At the time of his reading, I did not disturb him.

Compound: He was reading and I did not disturb him.

Rule-6: Simple sentence G inspite of /despite _vK‡j but  hy³ K‡i compound Ki‡Z n‡e| inspite of /despite Gi c‡I possessive case   _vK‡j wb‡æi MVb Abyhvqx compound Ki‡Z n‡e|

Mvbt Possessive case Gi subject +tense  Abyhvqx verb  +noun _vK‡j Gi adjective form +Kgv D‡V but+ Kgvi c‡ii Ask| †hgbt-

 Simple: Inspite of his honesty, he was scolded.

Compound;He was honest but scolded.

 Simple: Despite his poverty, he paid his dues regularly.

Compound: He was poor but he paid his dues regularly.

Simple: Inspite of his being old, he was young at heart.

Compound: He was old but he was young at heart.

Simple ev‡K¨ inspite of/despite gv‡S _vK‡j, Ges Kgv bv _vK‡j wb‡æi D`vniY Abyhvqx Ki‡Z n‡e|

Simple: Ahmed is miserly despit his riches.

Compound: Ahmed is rich but miserly

Or Ahmed has riches but miserly.

Z‡e  Inspite of /Despite Gi c‡i hw` cold, fog,rough weather, ing  hy³ impersonal verb(raining, snowing BZ¨vw`) n‡j inspite of /despite D‡V cÖ_‡g It+ to be verb +Kgvi c~‡e©i Ask+ Kgv D‡V but + Kgvi c‡ii Ask ewm‡q compound  Ki‡Z n‡e|‡hgbt-

Simple: Inspite of cold, our team played well.

Compound: It was cold but our team played well.

Simple: Despite raining, they visited the flood affected area.

Compound: It was raining but they visited the flood affected area.

Rule –7: Simple  ev‡K¨ without+gerund †_‡K hw` kZ© e„Svq Z‡e  or hy³ K‡I compound  Ki‡Z nq|

MVbt-Without  ev` hv‡e ,ing hy³ verb  Gi present form  n‡e +Kgv D‡V or + Kgvi c‡ii Ask|

†hgbt   Simple :   Without moving, you will die.

Compound: Move or die or Without moving, you will die.

Rule-8. Simple ev‡K¨ by +Gerund _K‡j and  hy³ K‡i Compound  Ki‡Z n‡e|

MVbt-By ev` hv‡e Ges ing hy³ verb Gi present form n‡e+ Kgvi c~e© ch©š— +Kgv D‡V and + Kgvi c‡ii Ask| †hgbt-

Simple: By reading books, you can acquire knowledge.

Compound: Read books and you can acqire knowledge.

Rule-9: Simple  ev‡K¨ hw` subject  +verb +object +ing hy³ verb _v‡K Z‡e wb‡æi MVb Abyhvqx compound  n‡e|

MVbt-object Gi subject  form +Tense Abyhvqx to be verb +ing hy³verb+and +ing  hy³verb Gi c~e© ch©š—| †hgbt-

Simple      :I have heard her singing.

Compound :She was singing and I heard her.

Rule-10: Simple  ev‡K¨ hw` subject  +infinitive (to+verb)_v‡K Ges infinitive  w`‡q hw` DÏk¨ eySvq Z‡e wbæi MVb Abyhvqx  Compound n‡e|

MVbt-To Gi c~e©  +and +c~bivq Subject +want /wanted +to mn c‡ii Ask| †hgbt-

Simple      : We eat to live.

Compound:We eat and (we) want to live.

Rule 11: Instead  of  hy³ Simple evK¨‡K bx‡Pi MVb Abyhvqx Compound Ki‡Z n‡e|

MVbt-Instead of  D‡V ev‡K¨i Subject +do not/does not/did not +ing hy³ verb Gi present form +but +subject ev‡` Gi c‡ii Ask| †hgbt-

Simple: Instead of following me,he stood still.

Compound: He did not follow me but stood still.

Rule-12: Simple  ev‡K¨ too-to  _vK‡j wb‡æi MVb Abyhvqx Compound   n‡e|

MVbt  Subject +to be verb +too  D‡V very +adjective +and+ can not/could not +to  ev‡` Gi c‡ii Ask|

†hgbt-

Simple: He was too weak to walk.

Compound: He was very weak and could not walk.

Simple  ‡_‡K COMPLEX 

Simple sentence	Complex sentence
Because of, for +noun/noun phrase, due to, Owing to, On account of, _vK‡j	Since/As n‡e|
Verb+ ing At the time of+ ing  verb_vK‡j	When n‡e|
By +verb+ing/verb+ing/without+verb+ing_vK‡j	If n‡e|
Despite _vK‡j In spite of _vK‡j Instead of_vK‡j	Though/Although n‡e|