History of Parkinson's Disease
Symptoms of Parkinson's disease have been known
and treated since ancient times. However, it was not formally recognized and
its symptoms were not documented until 1817, in An Essay on the Shaking
Palsy. by the British physician James Parkinson.
Parkinson's disease was then known as paralysis agitans, the term
"Parkinson's disease" being coined later by Jean Martin Charcot.
The underlying biochemical changes in the brain were identified in the
1950's, due largely to the work of Swedish scientist Arwid Carlsson, who later
went on to win a Nobel prize.
Parkinson's disease is a disorder that affects
nerve cells, or neurons, in a part of the brain that controls muscle movement.
In Parkinson's, neurons that make a chemical called dopamine die or do not work
properly. Dopamine normally sends signals that help coordinate your movements.
Parkinson's is a disease that causes a progressive loss of nerve cell function
in the part of the brain that controls muscle movement. Progressive means that
this disease's effects get worse over time.
Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease belongs to a group of
conditions called movement disorders. The primary symptoms are the results of
decreased stimulation of the motor cortex by the basal ganglia, normally caused
by the insufficient formation and action of dopamine ,which is produced in the
dopaminergic neurons of the brain. Secondary symptoms may include high level
cognitive dysfunction and subtle language problems. Parkinson's Disease is both
chronic and progressive.
Parkinson's Disease is the most common cause of
parkinsonism a group of similar symptoms. Parkinson's Disease is also called
"primary parkinsonism" or "idiopathic Parkinson's
Disease" (having no known cause). While most forms of parkinsonism are
idiopathic, there are some cases where the symptoms may result from toxicity,
drugs, genetic mutation, head trauma, or other medical disorders.
Early symptoms of Parkinson's Disease are subtle
and occur gradually. Affected people may feel mild tremors or have difficulty
getting out of a chair. They may notice that they speak too softly or
that their handwriting is slow and looks cramped or small. They may lose track
of a word or thought, or they may feel tired, irritable, or depressed for no
apparent reason. This very early period may last a long time before the more
classic and obvious symptoms appear.
Friends or family members may be the first to
notice changes in someone with early Parkinson's Disease. They may see that the
person's face lacks expression and animation (known as "masked face")
or that the person does not move an arm or leg normally. They also may notice
that the person seems stiff, unsteady, or unusually slow.
As the disease progresses, the shaking or tremor
that affects the majority of Parkinson's patients may begin to interfere with
daily activities. Patients may not be able to hold utensils steady or they may
find that the shaking makes reading a newspaper difficult. Tremor is usually
the symptom that causes people to seek medical help.
People with Parkinson's Disease often develop a
so-called Parkinsonian gait that includes a tendency to lean
forward, small quick steps as if hurrying forward (called festination), and
reduced swinging of the arms. They also may have trouble initiating movement (start
hesitation), and they may stop suddenly as they walk (freezing).
Parkinson's Disease does not affect everyone the
same way, and the rate of progression differs among patients. Tremor is
the major symptom for some patients, while for others; tremor is nonexistent or
very minor.
Parkinson's Disease symptoms often begin on one
side of the body. However, as it progresses, the disease eventually
affects both sides. Even after the disease involves both sides of the body,
the symptoms are often less severe on one side than on the other.
The four primary symptoms of Parkinson's Disease are:
Tremor. The tremor associated with
Parkinson's Disease has a characteristic appearance. Typically, the tremor
takes the form of a rhythmic back-and-forth motion at a rate of 4-6 beats per
second. It may involve the thumb and forefinger and appear as a "pill
rolling" tremor. Tremor often begins in a hand, although sometimes a
foot or the jaw is affected first. It is most obvious when the hand is at rest
or when a person is under stress. For example, the shaking may become
more pronounced a few seconds after the hands are rested on a table.
Tremor usually disappears during sleep or improves with intentional movement.
Rigidity-. Rigidity, or a
resistance to movement, affects most people with Parkinson's Disease. A major
principle of body movement is that all muscles have an opposing muscle.
Movement is possible not just because one muscle becomes more active, but
because the opposing muscle relaxes. In Parkinson's Disease, rigidity comes
about when, in response to signals from the brain, the delicate balance of
opposing muscles is disturbed. The muscles remain constantly tensed and
contracted so that the person aches or feels stiff or weak. The rigidity
becomes obvious when another person tries to move the patient's arm, which will
move only in ratchet-like or short, jerky movements known as
"cogwheel" rigidity.
Bradykinesia. - Bradykinesia, or
the slowing down and loss of spontaneous and automatic movement, is
particularly frustrating because it may make simple tasks somewhat
difficult. The person cannot rapidly perform routine movements.
Activities once performed quickly and easily — such as washing or dressing —
may take several hours.
Postural instability.- Postural
instability, or impaired balance, causes patients to fall easily.
Affected people also may develop a stooped posture in which the head is bowed
and the shoulders are drooped.
A number of other symptoms may accompany
Parkinson's Disease. Some are minor; others are not. Many can be
treated with medication or physical therapy. No one can predict which symptoms
will affect an individual patient, and the intensity of the symptoms varies
from person to person.
§ Depression.
This is a common problem and may appear early in the course of the disease,
even before other symptoms are noticed. Fortunately, depression usually can be
successfully treated with antidepressant medications. Hallucinations,delusions
and paranoia may develop.
§ Emotional
changes. Some people with Parkinson's Disease become fearful and insecure.
Perhaps they fear they cannot cope with new situations. They may not want to
travel, go to parties, or socialize with friends. Some lose their motivation
and become dependent on family members. Others may become irritable or
uncharacteristically pessimistic.
§ Difficulty with
swallowing and chewing. Muscles used in swallowing may work less
efficiently in later stages of the disease. In these cases, food and saliva may
collect in the mouth and back of the throat, which can result in choking or
drooling. These problems also may make it difficult to get adequate
nutrition. Speech-language therapists, occupational therapists, and
dieticians can often help with these problems.
§ Speech changes.
About half of all Parkinson's Disease patients have problems with speech. They
may speak too softly or in a monotone, hesitate before speaking, slur or repeat
their words, or speak too fast. A speech therapist may be able to help patients
reduce some of these problems.
§ Urinary
problems or constipation. In some patients, bladder and bowel problems can
occur due to the improper functioning of the autonomic nervous system, which is
responsible for regulating smooth muscle activity. Some people may become
incontinent, while others have trouble urinating. In others, constipation may
occur because the intestinal tract operates more slowly. Constipation can also
be caused by inactivity, eating a poor diet, or drinking too little fluid. The
medications used to treat Parkinson's Disease also can contribute to
constipation. It can be a persistent problem and, in rare cases, can be
serious enough to require hospitalization.
§ Skin problems.
In Parkinson's Disease, it is common for the skin on the face to become very
oily, particularly on the forehead and at the sides of the nose. The scalp may
become oily too, resulting in dandruff. In other cases, the skin can become
very dry. These problems are also the result of an improperly functioning
autonomic nervous system. Standard treatments for skin problems can help.
Excessive sweating, another common symptom, is usually controllable with
medications used for Parkinson's Disease.
§ Sleep
problems. Sleep problems common in Parkinson's Disease include difficulty
staying asleep at night, restless sleep, nightmares and emotional dreams, and
drowsiness or sudden sleep onset during the day. Patients with
Parkinson's Disease should never take over-the-counter sleep aids without
consulting their physicians.
§ Dementia or
other cognitive problems. Some, but not all, people with Parkinson's
Disease may develop memory problems and slow thinking. In some of these
cases, cognitive problems become more severe, leading to a condition called
Parkinson's dementia late in the course of the disease. This dementia may
affect memory, social judgment, language, reasoning, or other mental skills.
§ Orthostatic
hypotension. < Orthostatic hypotension is a sudden drop in blood
pressure when a person stands up from a lying-down position. This may
cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and, in extreme cases, loss of balance or
fainting. Studies have suggested that, in Parkinson's Disease, this
problem results from a loss of nerve endings in the sympathetic nervous system
that controls heart rate, blood pressure, and other automatic functions in the
body. The medications used to treat Parkinson's Disease also may
contribute to this symptom.
§ Muscle cramps and
dystonia. The rigidity and lack of normal movement associated
with Parkinson's Disease often causes muscle cramps, especially in the legs and
toes. Massage, stretching, and applying heat may help with these
cramps. Parkinson's Disease also can be associated with dystonia —
sustained muscle contractions that cause forced or twisted positions.
Dystonia in Parkinson's Disease is often caused by fluctuations in the body's
level of dopamine. It can usually be relieved or reduced by adjusting the
person's medications.
§ Pain.
Many people with Parkinson's Disease develop aching muscles and joints because
of the rigidity and abnormal postures often associated with the disease.
Certain exercises also may help. People with Parkinson's Disease also may
develop pain due to compression of nerve roots or dystonia-related muscle
spasms. In rare cases, people with Parkinson's Disease may develop
unexplained burning, stabbing sensations. This type of pain, called
"central pain," originates in the brain. Dopaminergic drugs,
opiates, antidepressants, and other types of drugs may all be used to treat
this type of pain.
§ Fatigue and
loss of energy. The unusual demands of living with Parkinson's
Disease often lead to problems with fatigue, especially late in the day.
Fatigue may be associated with depression or sleep disorders, but it also may
result from muscle stress or from overdoing activity when the person feels
well. Fatigue also may result from akinesia – trouble initiating
or carrying out movement. Exercise, good sleep habits, staying mentally
active, and not forcing too many activities in a short time may help to
alleviate fatigue.
§ Sexual
dysfunction. Parkinson's Disease often causes erectile dysfunction
because of its effects on nerve signals from the brain or because of poor blood
circulation. Parkinson's Disease-related depression or use of
antidepressant medication also may cause decreased sex drive and other
problems. These problems are often treatable.
Sensation disturbances
Impaired visual contrast sensitivity , spatial
reasoning, colour discrimination, convergence insufficiency (characterized by
double vision ) and oculomotor disturbances.
Dizziness and fainting; usually attributable to
orthostatic hypotension, a failure of the autonomous nervous system to adjust
blood pressure in response to changes in body position
Impaired propriception (the awareness of bodily
position in three-dimensional space)
Reduction or loss of sense of smell (microsmia or
anosmia) - can occur years prior to diagnosis,
Pain: neuropathic, muscle, joints and tendons,
attributable to tension, dystonia, rigidity, joint stiffness, and injuries
associated with attempts at accommodation
Cause of Parkinson's Disease
The main causes could be graded under four
headings:
Genetic
Toxins
Head injury
Drug induced
Toxins
Head injury
Drug induced
Parkinson's disease occurs when nerve cells, or
neurons, in an area of the brain known as the substantia nigra die or
become impaired. Normally, these neurons produce an important brain chemical
known as dopamine. Dopamine is a chemical messenger
responsible for transmitting signals between the substantia nigra and the next
"relay station" of the brain, the corpus striatum, to produce
smooth, purposeful movement. Loss of dopamine results in abnormal nerve firing
patterns within the brain that cause impaired movement. Studies have shown that
most Parkinson's patients have lost 60 to 80 percent or more of the
dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra by the time symptoms
appear. Recent studies have shown that people with Parkinson's Disease
also have loss of the nerve endings that produce the neurotransmitter nor
epinephrine. Nor epinephrine, which is closely related to dopamine, is the main
chemical messenger of the sympathetic nervous system, the part of the nervous
system that controls many automatic functions of the body, such as pulse and
blood pressure. The loss of nor epinephrine might help explain several of the
non-motor features seen in Parkinson's Disease, including fatigue and
abnormalities of blood pressure regulation.
Scientists have identified several genetic
mutations associated with Parkinson's Disease, and many more genes have been
tentatively linked to the disorder. Studying the genes responsible for
inherited cases of Parkinson's Disease can help researchers understand both
inherited and sporadic cases. The same genes and proteins that are altered in
inherited cases may also be altered in sporadic cases by environmental toxins
or other factors.
Although the importance of genetics in
Parkinson's Disease is increasingly recognized, most researchers believe
environmental exposures increase a person's risk of developing the disease.
Even in familial cases, exposure to toxins or other environmental factors may
influence when symptoms of the disease appear or how the disease progresses.
There are a number of toxins, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3,
6-tetrahydropyridine, or MPTP (found in some kinds of synthetic heroin), that
can cause Parkinson Ian symptoms in humans. Other, still-unidentified environmental
factors also may cause Parkinson's Disease in genetically susceptible
individuals.
Viruses are another possible environmental
trigger for Parkinson's Disease. People who developed encephalopathy after a
1918 influenza epidemic were later stricken with severe, progressive
Parkinson's-like symptoms. A group of Taiwanese women developed similar
symptoms after contracting herpes virus infections. In these women, the
symptoms, which later disappeared, were linked to a temporary inflammation of
the substantia nigra.
Several lines of research suggest that
mitochondria may play a role in the development of Parkinson's Disease.
Mitochondria are the energy-producing components of the cell and are major
sources of free radicals — molecules that damage membranes, proteins, DNA, and
other parts of the cell. This damage is often referred to as oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress-related changes, including free radical damage to DNA,
proteins, and fats, have been detected in brains of Parkinson's Disease
patients.
Other research suggests that the cell's protein
disposal system may fail in people with Parkinson's Disease, causing proteins
to build up to harmful levels and trigger cell death. Additional studies
have found evidence that clumps of protein that develop inside brain cells of
people with Parkinson's Disease may contribute to the death of neurons, and
that inflammation or over stimulation of cells (because of toxins or other
factors) may play a role in the disease. However, the precise role of the
protein deposits remains unknown. Some researchers even speculate that
the protein buildup is part of an unsuccessful attempt to protect the cell.
While mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and many other
cellular processes may contribute to Parkinson's Disease, the actual cause of
the dopamine cell death is still undetermined.
Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis
A doctor may diagnose a person with Parkinson's
disease based on the patient's symptoms, neurological examinations and medical
history. No blood tests or x-rays can show whether a person has Parkinson's
disease. However, some kinds of x-rays can help the doctor make sure nothing
else is causing symptoms. If symptoms go away or get better when the person
takes a medicine called levodopa, it's fairly certain that he or she has
Parkinson's disease.
The disease can be difficult to diagnose
accurately. The Unified disease rating scale
is the primary clinical tool used to assist in diagnosis and determine
severity of Parkinson's Disease. Indeed, only 75% of clinical diagnoses of
Parkinson's Disease are confirmed at autopsy. Early signs and symptoms of
Parkinson's Disease may sometimes be dismissed as the effects of normal aging.
The physician may need to observe the person for some time until it is apparent
that the symptoms are consistently present. Usually doctors look for shuffling
of feet and lack of swing in the arms. Doctors may sometimes request brain
scans or laboratory tests in order to rule out other diseases. However, CT and
MRI brain scans of people with Parkinson's Disease usually appear normal.
The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating
Scale (UParkinson's DiseaseRS) is a rating scale used to follow
the longitudinal course of Parkinson’s disease. It is made up of the following
sections:
Mentation, behavior, and mood;
Activities of daily living;
Motor;
Complications of therapy;
Hoehn and Yahr Stage;
Hoehn and Yahr Staging of Parkinson's Disease
Stage one
Symptoms on one side of the body only.
Stage two
Symptoms on both sides of the body. No
impairment of balance.
Stage three
Balance impairment. Mild to moderate
disease. Physically independent.
Stage four
Severe disability, but still able to walk or
stand unassisted.
Stage five
Wheelchair-bound or bedridden unless assisted.
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Prognosis of Parkinson’s disease.
Parkinson's Disease is not by itself a fatal
disease, but it does get worse with time. The average life expectancy of
a Parkinson's Disease patient is generally the same as for people who do not
have the disease. However, in the late stages of the disease, Parkinson's
Disease may cause complications such as choking, pneumonia, and falls that can
lead to death. Fortunately, there are many treatment options available
for people with Parkinson's Disease.
The progression of symptoms in Parkinson's
Disease may take 20 years or more. In some people, however, the disease
progresses more quickly. There is no way to predict what course the
disease will take for an individual person.
Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Allopathic treatment--
There is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But
medicines can help control the symptoms of the disease. Some of the medicines
used to treat Parkinson's disease include carbidopa-levodopa (one brand name:
Sinemet), bromocriptine (brand name: Parlodel), selegiline (one brand name:
Eldepryl), pramipexole (brand name: Mirapex), ropinirole (brand name: Requip),
and tolcapone (brand name: Tasmar).
Medications to Treat the Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Drugs that increase brain levels of dopamine
Levodopa
Drugs that mimic dopamine (dopamine
agonists)
Apomorphine Bromocriptine Pramipexole Ropinirole
Drugs that inhibit dopamine breakdown (MAO-B
inhibitors)
Selegiline (deprenyl) |
Drugs that inhibit dopamine breakdown (COMT
inhibitors)
Entacapone Tolcapone
Drugs that decrease the action of
acetylcholine anticholinergics)<
Trihexyphenidyl Benztropine Ethopropazine
Drugs with an unknown mechanism of action
for Parkinson's Disease
Amantadine |
Side effects of drugs used for Parkinson’s disease:
The most common drugs used in the treatment are:
L-dopa – It is the most widely used drug but also
causes many side effects because only 1-5% of L-dopa enters dopaminergic
neurons rest is metabolized to dopamine elsewhere.
Initially it causes complaints like:
Nausea
Vomiting
Reduced blood pressure
Restlessness
Drowsiness and sudden sleep
Initially it causes complaints like:
Nausea
Vomiting
Reduced blood pressure
Restlessness
Drowsiness and sudden sleep
Later it can complicate the condition even
further and can cause:
Hallucinations
Psychosis
Younger patients of Parkinson’s suffer more from its side effects as:
Dyskinesis
Painful ‘off’ dystonias
Tremors intensified
Hallucinations
Psychosis
Younger patients of Parkinson’s suffer more from its side effects as:
Dyskinesis
Painful ‘off’ dystonias
Tremors intensified
Dyskinesias, or involuntary
movements such as twitching, twisting, and writhing, commonly
develop in people who take large doses of levodopa over an extended period.
These movements may be either mild or severe and either very rapid or very
slow. The dose of levodopa is often reduced in order to lessen these
drug-induced movements. However, the Parkinson's Disease symptoms often
reappear even with lower doses of medication. Doctors and patients must work together
closely to find a tolerable balance between the drug's benefits and side
effects.
The period of effectiveness after each dose may
begin to shorten, called the wearing-off effect. Another
potential problem is referred to as the on-off effect — sudden,
unpredictable changes in movement, from normal to Parkinson Ian movement and
back again. These effects probably indicate that the patient's response to the
drug is changing or that the disease is progressing.
Dopamine agonists -
Somnolence
Hallucinations
Insomnia
Oedema
Less motor fluctuations
Dyskinesis (twisting / turning) movements
Somnolence
Hallucinations
Insomnia
Oedema
Less motor fluctuations
Dyskinesis (twisting / turning) movements
In rare cases, they can cause compulsive
behavior, such as an uncontrollable desire to gamble, hyper sexuality,
or compulsive shopping. Bromocriptine can also cause fibrosis,
or a buildup of fibrous tissue, in the heart valves or the chest cavity.
Fibrosis usually goes away once the drugs are stopped.
MAO-B inhibitors. These drugs inhibit the
enzyme monoamine oxidase B, or MAO-B, which breaks down dopamine in the
brain. MAO-B inhibitors cause dopamine to accumulate in surviving nerve
cells and reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. Selegiline, also
called deprenyl, is an MAO-B inhibitor that is commonly used to treat
Parkinson's Disease. Studies supported by the NINDS have shown that selegiline
can delay the need for levodopa therapy by up to a year or more. When
selegiline is given with levodopa, it appears to enhance and prolong the
response to levodopa and thus may reduce wearing-off fluctuations.
Selegiline is usually well-tolerated, although side effects may include nausea,
orthostatic hypotension, stomatitis or insomnia. It should not
be taken with the antidepressant fluoxetine or the sedative mepiridine, because
combining seligiline with these drugs can be harmful.
COMT inhibitors. COMT stands for
catechol-O-methyltransferase, another enzyme that helps to break down
dopamine. Two COMT inhibitors are approved to treat Parkinson's Disease
in the United States:
entacapone and tolcapone. These drugs prolong the effects of levodopa by
preventing the breakdown of dopamine. COMT inhibitors can decrease the duration
of "off" periods, and they usually make it possible to reduce the
person's dose of levodopa. The most common side effect is
diarrhea. The drugs may also cause nausea, sleep disturbances,
dizziness, urine discoloration, abdominal pain, low blood pressure, or
hallucinations. In a few rare cases, tolcapone has caused severe
liver disease. Because of this, patients taking tolcapone need
regular monitoring of their liver function.
Amantadine. An antiviral drug, amantadine,
can help reduce symptoms of Parkinson's Disease and levodopa-induced
dyskinesia. It is often used alone in the early stages of the
disease. It also may be used with an anticholinergic drug or
levodopa. After several months, amantadine's effectiveness wears off in
up to half of the patients taking it. Amantadine's side effects may include insomnia,
mottled skin, edema, agitation, or hallucinations. Researchers are
not certain how amantadine works in Parkinson's Disease, but it may increase
the effects of dopamine.
Anticholinergics. These drugs, which
include trihexyphenidyl, benztropine, and ethopropazine, decrease the activity
of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and help to reduce tremors and muscle
rigidity. Only about half the patients who receive anticholinergics are
helped by it, usually for a brief period and with only a 30 percent
improvement. Side effects may include dry mouth, constipation, urinary
retention, hallucinations, memory loss, blurred vision, and confusion.
Homeopathy Treatment & Homeopathic Remedies for Parkinson's Disease
Homeopathy treats the person as a whole. It means
that homeopathic treatment focuses on the patient as a person, as well as his
pathological condition. The homeopathic medicines are selected after a full
individualizing examination and case-analysis, which includes the medical
history of the patient, physical and mental constitution etc. A miasmatic
tendency (predisposition/susceptability) is also often taken into account for
the treatment of chronic conditions. The medicines given below indicate the
therapeutic affinity but this is not a complete and definite guide to the
treatment of this condition. The symptoms listed against each medicine may not
be directly related to this disease because in homeopathy general symptoms and
constitutional indications are also taken into account for selecting a remedy.
To study any of the following remedies in more detail, please visit our Materia Medica section.
None of these medicines should be taken without professional advice.
Reportorial rubric:
Murphy: Diseases: Paralysis-agitans.
Clarke: Paralysis agitans.
Boericke: Nervous system: Paralysis-Type - agitans
Clarke: Paralysis agitans.
Boericke: Nervous system: Paralysis-Type - agitans
Homeopathic Remedies
Agar., Am Gr., Arg-n.,
Aur., Bufo.,Cocc., Con., Gels., Helo.,
Hyos. ,Lathyr., Mag-p., MERC.,
Nux-v., Phos., Plb., Puls., RHUS-T.,
Stam., Tarent., Thuj., ZINC.,.
Materia medica
Mercurius
Weakness of limbs, trembling of extremities,
especially hands. Paralytic agitans. Lacerating pain in joints. Cold and
clammy sweat on limbs. Oily perspiration. Tremors everywhere in
body. Weakness with trembling from least exertion. All symptoms are aggravated
at night, warmth of bed, Damp, cold, rainy weather and during perspiration. Complaints
increase during sweating and rest. All symptoms always associated with
weariness, prostration and trembling.
Slow in answering questions. Memory weakened and loss of will power. Skin always moist and freely perspiring. Itching worse warmth of bed.
Slow in answering questions. Memory weakened and loss of will power. Skin always moist and freely perspiring. Itching worse warmth of bed.
Zincum-Metallicum
Violent trembling (twitching) of the whole
body especially after emotions. Twitching in children. Chorea. Paralysis
of hands and feet. Trembling of hands while writing. Lameness, weakness,
trembling and twitching of various muscles. Feet in continued motion, cannot
keep still. Worse touch, between 5-7 pm., after dinner, better eating,
discharges.
Rhus-tox
When the tremors start with pain which is relieved
by motion. There is stiffness of the parts affected. Numbness and
formication, after overwork and exposure. Paralysis; trembling after
exertion. Limbs stiff and paralysed.All joints hot and painful. Crawling
and tingling sensation in the tips of fingers. Worse during sleep, cold, wet
rainy weather and after rain, night, during rest, drenching and when lying on
back or right side. Better warm, dry weather, motion, walking, change of
position, rubbing, stretching out limbs.
Gelsemium
Centers its action on nervous system, causing
various degrees of motor paralysis...Dizziness, drowsiness, dullness and
trembling are the hallmark of this remedy. Trembling ranks the
highest in this remedy, weakness and paralysis, especially of the muscles of
the head. Paralysis of various groups of muscles like eyes, throat, chest,
sphincters and extremities. Head remedy for tremors. Mind sluggish and
muscular system relaxed. Staggering gait. Loss of power of muscular control.
Cramps in muscles of forearm. Excessive trembling and weakness of all limbs.
Worse by dampness, excitement, bad news. Better by bending forwards, profuse
urination, continued motion and open air.
Argentum Nitricum
It is complimentary to Gelsemium. Memory
impaired; easily excited and angered; flatulence and greenish
diarrhea.Inco-ordination, loss of control and imbalance with trembling and
general debility. Paralysis with mental and abdominal symptoms.
Rigidity of calves. Walks and stands unsteadily. Numbness of body. Specially
arms.
Agaricus Muscarius
Trembling, itching and jerking, stiffness of
muscles; itching of skin over the affected parts and extreme sensitiveness of
the spine. Cannot bear touch. Jerking and trembling are strong
indications. Chorea and twitching ceases during sleep. Paralysis of
lower limbs with spasmodic conditions of arms. Numbness of legs on crossing
them. Paralytic pain in left arm followed by palpitation.
Stiffness all over with pain over hips.
Cocculus
Head trembles while eating and when it is raised
higher. Knees sink down from weakness. Totters while walking with tendency to
fall on one side. Cracking of the knee when moving. Lameness worse by
bending. Trembling and pain in limbs. One-sided paralysis worse after
sleep. Intensely painful, paralytic drawing. Limbs straightened out and
painful when flexed.
It shows special affinity for light haired females especially during pregnancy.
It shows special affinity for light haired females especially during pregnancy.
Lathyrus
Tremors of the upper extremities with paralytic
weakness of the lower limbs. Feels as if limbs are hard and contracted; limbs
feel heavy. Feels as if floor is irregular and is obliged to keep his eyes on
the ground to guide his feet. Affects the lateral and anterior columns of cord.
Does not produce pain. Reflexes always increased. Lateral sclerosis and Infantile
paralysis. Finger tips numb. Tremulous, tottering gait. Excessive
rigidity of legs with spastic gait. Knees knock against each other while
walking. Cannot extend or cross legs when siting.Stiff and lame ankles.
Physostigma
Marked fibrillary tremors and spasms of the
muscles, worse from motion or application of cold water. Palpitation and
fluttering of the heart felt throughout the body. Depresses the
motor and reflex activity of the cord and causes the loss of sensibility to
pain, muscle weakness and paralysis. Paralysis and tremors, chorea.
Meningeal irritation with rigidity of muscles. Pain in right popliteal
space. Burning and tingling in spine. Hands and feet numb with sudden jerking
of limbs on going to sleep. Crampy pain in limbs.
Ambra Grisea
Tremors with numbness, limbs go to sleep on
the slightest movement, coldness and stiffness of limbs. The finger
nails become brittle and are shriveled. Cramps in hands and fingers.
Worse grasping anything. Cramps in legs. Extreme nervous hypersensitiveness.
Dread of people and desire to be alone. Music causes weeping. One sided
complains call for it.
Heloderma
Trembling along nerves in limbs. Tired feeling,
very weak and nervous, fainting, numb sensation. It causes locomotor ataxia.
The eyes become more prominent and corneal opacities visible. Very depressed
and sensation as if would fall on right side. Sensation as if walking on
sponge. As if the feet were swollen. When walking, lifts feet higher than
usual and puts down heel hard. Stretching relieves pains in muscles and
limbs.
Mag-phos
Trembling; shaking of hands, involuntary.
Paralysis agitans. Cramps in calves, feet very tender. Twitching, Chorea,
cramps. Numbness of finger tips. Worse right side, cold, touch, night. Better
warmth, bending double, pressure and friction.
Bufo Rana
Special action on nervous system. Painful
paralysis. Pain in loins, numbness and cramps. Staggering gait. Feels as if a
peg is driven into joints. Worse—Warm room. Better bathing or cold air. Putting
feet in cold water.
Tarentula
Remarkable nervous phenomena. Chorea, extreme
restlessness and Paralysis agitans. Must keep in constant motion even though
walking aggravates. Numbness of legs with twitching and
jerkings.Extraordinary contractions and movements.
Plumbum Metalicum
Paralytic agitans. Paralysis of single muscles.
Cannot raise or lift anything. Extension is difficult. Paralysis from
over-exertion of extensor muscles in piano players. Wrist drop. Loss of
patellar reflex. Pain in right big toe at night. Hands and feet cold. Infantile
paralysis and neuritis.
Conium
Heavy, weary and paralyzed limbs. Trembling and
unsteady hands. Muscular weakness especially of lower extremities. Perspiration
of hands. Putting feet on chair relieves. Ascending paralysis ending in
death by failure of respiration. Worse by lying down, turning or rising in bed,
cold, exertion. Better by darkness, limbs hanging down, motion,
pressure.
5 comments:
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have been living with this virus and it has been a serious problem to me, I was so confused cause i have been taking several drugs to be cured but all of my effort was in vain,one morning I was browsing through the internet then I saw several testimonies about Dr. Akhigbe curing people from Herpes virus and immediately i contacted Dr. Akhigbe on his email: drrealakhigbe@gmail.com, i told him about my troubles and he told me that i must be cured, he gave me some instructions and which i rightly followed. so he prepared a herbal medicine and sent it to me which i used for 2 weeks and i was cured everything was like a dream to me and my Herpes virus was totally gone, dr .Akhigbe, God bless you and give you more power and ability for more cure.I don't know if there is any one out there suffering for herpes virus or any of these diseases..DIABETES, CANCER, HIV/AIDS, HERPES HEPATITiS A AND B
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