Kinds of sentence

According to structure, Sentence

 

According to structure, Sentence  

        Sentences are of three kinds according to the structure:

(1) Simple sentence (সরল বাক্য)

(2) Complex sentence (RwUj বাক্য)

(3) Compound sentence (†hŠwMK বাক্য)

(1)      Simple sentence: ‡h sentence G GKwU gvÎ sub.Ges GKwU Finite verb(cÖKvk¨ ev উহ্য _v‡K, Zv‡K  Simple sentence e‡j|

I read a book. Rahim reads a book.

·        Characteristics of Simple are of four :

(1)1wU sub._vK‡e|

(2) 1wU Finite verb_vK‡e|

(3) ‡Kvb conjunction _vK‡e bv| I saw him writing

(4)GKwU gvÎ clause ev evK¨vsk _vK‡e| He saw me eating rice.

·        Characteristics of finite verb:

 (i) Ab¨ VerbGi mvnvh¨ QvovB wb‡Ri A_© cÖKvk K‡i|  

(ii) Tense / Person/ Number Abyhvqx cwie©wZZ n‡e|

2) Complex sentence: ‡h Sentence G GKwU gvÎ Principal Clause Ges GK ev GKvwaK subordinate clause _v‡K, Zv‡K   Complex sentence e‡j| I know what he thinks.

·        Characteristics:

(i)2wU Sub _vK‡e|

(ii) 2wU finite verb_vK‡e|

(iii)GKwU  sub. Co-ordinating conjunction _vK‡e|

·        Note: ïi“‡Z hw` conjunction e‡m Zvn‡j gvSLv‡b Kgv n‡e; Avi hw` conjunction gvSLv‡b e‡m Zvn‡j †Kvb Kgv n‡e bv| If you read, you will pass. This is the boy who did this.

·        Sub. Co-ordinating : When/As/since/ Bacause / If/ Unless/Though/ Although/ that/so/Ges WH-word ¸‡jv me e¨eüZ n‡e| Bnv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb GKwU _vK‡Z n‡e|

·         As/since/ Because-KviY eySv‡Z e¨eüZ n‡e|  

·        If n¨uv‡evaK kZ© eySv‡Z e¨eüZ nh|

·        Unless bv‡evaK kZ© eySv‡Z e¨eüZ nq| [ unless= if + not]  

·        Though/Although –GKwU K_vi gva¨‡g Aci GKwU K_vi ¸i“Z¡ eySv‡Z e¨eüZ nq|

·        That -`yÕwU ¯^vfvweK K_v‡K hy³ Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|

·        So-djvdj ev ZvB eySv‡Z e¨eüZ nq| As: Though  he is poor(subordinate clause), he is honest (principal clause). I know that he will come. I could not go to University as I was ill. I want such a boy as will be honest. The news that he had an accident is two.

(3) Compound sentence:hLb †Kvb sentence G GKvwaK  Principal Clause, Co-ordinating conjunction Øviv hy³ nh, Zv‡K  Compound sentence e‡j|

·        Characteristics of compound sentence: [3]

(i)2wU sub_vK‡e| Z‡e Dfq   subjectGKB n‡j GKwU  sub.Dnv _vK‡Z cv‡i|

(ii)  `yywU  finite verb _vK‡e|

(iii) GKwU co-ordinating conjunction _vK‡e|

·        Co-ordinating conjunction : and, but, or, than, both – and, not only --- but also, no less than, no fewer than, neither – nor, either or, otherwise, still yet, nevertheless, on the contrary, while, only, therefore, consequently, for, thus etc.

*And-mgRvZxq ev GKB iKg K_v eySv‡Z e¨eüZ nq|

*He came into the room and sat down.

*But/yet: wecixZ ev wfbœRvZxq K_v eySv‡bvi Rb¨ G `ywU e¨eüZ nq| He is poor but (he is) honest.

* or A_ev, bZzev, bB‡j BZ¨vw` K_v eySv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| Study hard or (otherwise) you will fail.

·        Therefore: Result বুঝানোর জন্য Therefore e¨eüZ nq। He studied all day long therefore he passed the S.S examination.

·        These c×wZ ev Method eySv‡bvi Rb¨ Thus e¨eüZ nq|He discovered a pen thus he succeeded.

·        Double sentence: ‡h Compound sentence `y’টি Principal Clause (Co-ordinate Clause) _v‡K, Zv‡K Double sentence e‡j| He went to market and bought a shirt.

·        Multiple sentence: ‡h compound sentence G `y’‡qi AwaK Principal Clause (coordinate clause) _v‡K, Zv‡K Multiple Sentence e‡j| He went to college, attended classes and worked in the library.  

·        Contracted Sentence : hLb †Kvb  compound sentence G GKB  word ev group of words ‡K `yBevi bv wj‡L A‡bK mgq compound sentence ‡K msw¶ß AvKv‡i †jLv nq Gi“c msw¶ß  (Contracted) sentence ‡K  contracted sentence e‡j|

(i) GKB SubjectG `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK  Predicate _vK‡j : He went to market and he bought a book,bv wj‡L †jLv hvq- He went to market and bought a book.

(ii) GKB Predicate Gi `yÕ ev Z‡ZvwaK subject _vK‡j: Either he (has done it)(pred) or his brother has done it(pred). Neither he (has passed)(pred) nor his brother (has passed)(pred)