Wednesday, May 2, 2012

Rules of Right form of verbs for SSC Exam

Right form of verbs
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, আজ ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় পত্রের Part-A অংশের use of the right form of verbs নিয়ে আলোচনা করব।
বর্তমানে communicative system-এ নবম ও দশম শ্রেণীর শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য right form of verbs-এর ধারণা খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। কেননা এর ওপর ভিত্তি করে ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় পত্রে প্রশ্ন থাকবে। Right form of verbs-এর ওপর সঠিক ধারণা না থাকলে এগুলোর উত্তর সঠিকভাবে করা সম্ভব নয়। তাই শিক্ষার্থী বন্ধুরা আজ তোমাদের সুবিধার্থে নিম্নে বেশ কিছু Right form of verbs-এর গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম তুলে ধরলাম। তোমরা তা যত্নসহকারে চর্চা করবে।
Rule-1: Sujbect যদি third person এবং singular number হয়, আর যদি present indefinite tense এবং indicative mood হয় তাহলে verb-এর শেষে s বা es যোগ করতে হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: Rehana (go) to school.
Answer: Rehana goes to school.
Rule-2: বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বোঝালে verb-এর present continuous tense হয়। এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহূত হয়। উদাহরণ: Question: Now the students (sing) the national anthem.
Answer: Now the students are singing the national anthem.
Question: The boys (watch) the television now.
Answer: The boys are watching the television now.
Rule-3: কোনো sentence-এ যদি verb ‘to have’-এর রূপান্তর (has, have, had) থাকে তাহলে বন্ধনীর ভেতরের verb-এর past participle হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: They have (go) to Dhaka.
Answer: They have gone to Dhaka.
Question: He has not (keep) the promise.
Answer: He has not kept the promise.
Rule-4: sentence-এ যদি no sooner had ... than থাকে তাহলে প্রথমে clause-এর verb-এর past participle হয় এবং দ্বিতীয় clause-এর verb-এর past Form হয়। উদাহরণ: Question: No sooner had the rain (stop) than they (leave) the shelter.
Answer: No sooner had the rain stopped than they left the shelter.
Rule-5: Sentence-এ যদি had rather, had sooner, had better, would rather, would better, must, let, need ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে প্রদত্ত verb-এর present form হয় এবং এর পূর্বে ‘to’ থাকলে তা লোপ পায়। অর্থাৎ verb-এর base form কিংবা bare Infinitive ব্যবহূত হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: I had better (go) home by this time.
Answer: I had better go home by this time.
Question: The teacher did not let him (to enter) the class.
Answer: The teacher did not let him enter the class.
Rule-6: Sentence-এর শুরুতে যদি would that/oh that থাকে তাহলে subject-এর পরে could বসে এবং বন্ধনীতে প্রদত্ত verb-এর present form হন। উদাহরণ:
Question: Would that I (go) to America.
Answer: Would that I could go to America.
Rule-7: Sentence-এ to be এবং having থাকলে মূল verb-এর past participle হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: The thief ran away having (see) the policeman.
Answer: The thief ran away having seen the policeman.
Question: The Headmaster wants the boy to be (expel).
Answer: The Headmaster wants the boy to be expelled.

Rule-8: Sentence-এ যদি wish, fancy, it is time, it is high time ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে বন্ধনীর verb-এর past tense হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: I wish, I (win) the prize.
Answer: I wish, I won the prize.
Question: I fancy, I (fly) among the stars.
Answer: I fancy, I flew among the stars.
Question: It is time that the government (take) measures against the mosquito menace.
Answer: It is time that the government took measures against the mosquito menace.
Rule-9: যদি বন্ধনীর verb-এর আগে Preposition এবং cannot help/could not help/with a view to/look forward to/would you mind/used to/ without/ past/ mind/ worth ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে সেই verb-এর ‘ing’ form হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: I go to the market with a view to (see) people.
Answer: I go to the market with a view to seeing people.
Question: I am looking forward to (stand) first in the class.
Answer: I am looking forward to standing first in the class.
Question: I often think of (go) to the sea-beach.
Answer: I often think of going to the sea-beach.
Question: I don’t mind (have) a cup of tea.
Answer: I don’t mind having a cup of tea.
Question: This job is worth (undertake).
Answer: This job is worth undertaking.
Rule-10: Auxiliary verb to be-এর রূপান্তর (am, is, are, was, were, shall be, will be) থাকলে Passive Voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে মূল Verb-এর Past Participle হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: The boy is (send) to school.
Answer: The boy is sent to school.
Rule-11: since/for + present continuous tense:
Present perfect বা present perfect continuous tense-এ period of time বা কিছু কাল ধরে সময় বোঝাতে তার আগে for এবং নির্দিষ্ট সময় বা point of time বোঝাতে তার আগে since ব্যবহূত হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: It (to rain) since morning.
Answer: It has been raining since morning.
Question: It (to rain) for saven days.
Answer: It has been raining for seven says,
Question: I (be) a student of this institution for five years.
Answer: I have been a student of this institution for five years.
Rule-12: As though বা as if দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে, সে ক্ষেত্রে তাদের পূর্ববর্তী clauseটি present tense হলে, পরবর্তী clauseটি past indefinite tense হবে। কিন্তু to be verb-এর ক্ষেত্রে সব person-এর সঙ্গে were বসবে। উদাহরণ:
Question: He talks as if he (to be) mad.
Answer: He talks as if he were mad.
Question: He talks as though he (to own) the house.
Answer: He talks as though he owned the house.
Rule-13: একটি simple sentence-এ দুটি verb ব্যবহূত হলে, দ্বিতীয় verbটি সাধারণত present participle-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: I saw the girl (to do) her work.
Answer: I saw the girl doing her work.
Question: I heard the baby (to cry).
Answer: I heard the baby crying.
Rule-14: When বা after দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে when বা after-এর পূর্ববর্তী clauseটি future বা present indefinite tense হলে, পরবর্তী clauseটি Present perfect tense হবে।
Question: I shall go to college after I (leave) school.
Answer: I shall go to college after I have left school.
Question: The children become tired when they (play) too much.
Answer: The children become tired when they have played too much.
Rule-15: ভবিষ্যতে কোনো কার্য সম্পন্ন হয়ে থাকবে এরূপ বিশ্বাস বা অনুমান বোঝালে verb-এর future perfect tense ব্যবহূত হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: He (to reach) Dhaka by this time.
Answer: He will have reached Dhaka by this time.
Question:You (to received) the letter shortly.
Answer: you will have received the letter shortly.
Rule-16: That দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে এবং that-এর পূর্ববর্তী clauseটি past indefinite tense হলে পরবর্তী clauseটি past perfect tense হবে। যথা:
Question: Jaman said that he (to do) the work.
Answer: Jaman said that he had done the work.
Rule-17: When, what, where, why, who, whom ইত্যাদি interrogative word দিয়ে interrogative sentence শুরু হলে person ও tense অনুসারে এদের পরে subject-এর আগে Auxiliary verb বসে এবং মূল verb-এর present indefinite tense হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: Where you (to go) yesterday?
Answer: Where did you go yesterday?
Question: What you (like) to eat?
Answer: What do you like to eat?
Rule-18: Keep, help, without, remain ইত্যাদি পরবর্তী verb-এর সাধারণত gerund বা present participle বসে এবং sentenceটি negative form-এ থাকে। উদাহরণ:
Question: I can’t help (to laugh) at his words.
Answer: I can’t help laughing at his words.
Question: I can’t go there without (to leave) her.
Answer: I can’t go there without leaving her.
Rule-19: ভবিষ্যতে কোনো কিছু করার Intention বা ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করতে এর subject-এর পর ‘be verb + going to’ ব্যবহূত হয়। এ ক্ষেত্রে ‘be verb + going to’-এর পরবর্তী verb infinitive যোগে গঠিত হয়। উদাহরণ:
Question: He (to go) to build a house.
Answer: He is going to build a house.
Question: I (to go) to Japan to study medicine.
Answer: I am going to Japan to study medicine.
Rule-20: Lest দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে দ্বিতীয় clause-এর মূল verb-এর আগে should বসে। উদাহরণ: Question: Work hard lest you (fail) in the Examination.
Answer: Work hard lest you should fail in the Examination.

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