Wednesday, May 2, 2012

জুনিয়র স্কুল সার্টিফিকেট পরীক্ষা: ইংরেজি ২য় পত্র-Idioms and Phrases


ইংরেজি ২য় পত্র

জুনিয়র স্কুল সার্টিফিকেট পরীক্ষা: ইংরেজি ২য় পত্র

Idioms and Phrases

ইংরেজি ভাষা ভালোভাবে রপ্ত করার ক্ষেত্রে idiom and phrases জানার বিকল্প নেই।
সাধারণত শব্দসমষ্টিযোগে গঠিত phrase যখন কোনো অর্থপূর্ণ ভাব বা meaning প্রকাশ করে, তাকে phrase বলে। (A phrase is a group of words without any subject or predicate and having some sense but not a complete sense.)
Phrase-এর প্রকারভেদ:
(i) Noun phrase (ii) Adjective phrase
(iii) Adverbial phrase (iv) Prepositional phrase
(v) Conjunctional phrase (vi) Interjectional phrase
(vii) Verb phrase (viii) Infinitive phrase
(ix) Participle phrase
(i) Noun phrase : যে phrase noun-এর মতো কাজ করে, তাকে noun phrase বলে। যেমন:
(a) Life is not a bed of roses.
(b) He shed crocodile tears at our misery.
Example : A burning question, A bed of thorn, Crocodile tears, A bosom friend, dead letter, bag and baggage, flesh and blood, part and parcel, the lion’s share, a black sheep, A fish out of water etc.
(ii) Adjective phrase : যে phrase adjective-এর মতো কাজ করে, তাকে adjective phrase বলে। যেমন: (a) Now this rule is null and void. (b) No one should make difference between high and low.
Example : a cold-blooded murder, a time honoured custom, slow and steady, as soft as feather, with black eyes, an absent minded boy etc.
(iii) Adverbial Phrase : যে phrase Adverb-এর মতো কাজ করে, তাকে Adverbial phrase বলে। যেমন: (a) The thief was warned again and again. (b) He came at the eleventh hour.
Example : all in a sudden, in no time, in full swing, at any cost, few and far between, now and then, to and fro, here and there, in an easy way, at a great speed etc.
(iv) Prepositional phrase : যে phrase preposition-এর মতো কাজ করে, তাকে Prepositional phrase বলে।
যেমন: He went to Dhaka in quest of money.
Meena acted on behalf of school girl student.
Example : at home in, by means of, in view of, in regard to, on account of, with a view to, from hand to mouth, by dint of, on the eve of, from heaven to earth beyond limits, before the fire etc.
(v) Verb phrase : যে phrase verb-এর মতো কাজ করে, তাকে verb phrase বলে। যেমন:
The patient will come round very soon.
We ought to obey our parents.
Example : ought to obey, reported to, going to, Cut to the quick, Call to mind etc.
(vi) Conjunctional phrase : যে phrase conjunction-এর মতো কাজ করে, তাকে conjunctional phrase বলে। যেমন:
Please come back as soon as you can.
Example of some Conjunctional Phrase : as much as, as well as, as far as, as long as, as good as etc. 

প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, আজ তোমাদের শেখার সুবিধার্থে Idioms and Phrases আলোচনা করা হলো। তোমরা ভালভাবে চর্চা করবে।
1. ABC (প্রাথমিক) — Mr. Nabil does not know the ABC of politics.
2. According to (অনুসারে) — I like to do the work according to your suggestion .
3. After all (যা-ই হোক/মোটের ওপর/সবকিছু সত্ত্বেও) — After all he is gentle man.
4. Above all (সর্বোপরি) — Above all he was a dedicated politician..
5. All in all (সর্বেসর্বা) — The Headmaster is all in all the school .
6. All the same (একই কথা) — It is all the same whether you go or not .
7. All along (আগাগোড়া/সর্বক্ষণ) — I was present all along at the time of race competition.
8. At a stretch (একটানা) — I can walk four houses at a stretch.
9. At all (আদৌ) — I do not like him at all.
10. As it were (যেন) — The sun is as it were a dish of silver (রুপা)
11. As if (যেন) — The man runs so fast as if he is a living machine.
12. At the eleventh hour (শেষ মুহূর্তে) — The doctor came at the eleventh hour.
13. As usual (যথারীতি) — He was late as usual.
14. At a lose (কিংকর্তব্যবিমূঢ়) — He was quite at a lose and did not know what to do.
15. At all events (সর্বক্ষেত্রে) — He will stand by me at all events.
16. At large (স্বাধীনতা) — Birds fly at large in the sky.
17. At home (পারদর্শী) — He is at home to mathematics.
18. At best (বেশির পক্ষে) — He will give me at best taka fifty.
19. At last (অবশেষে) — At last he took the boy to the station.
20. At least (কমপক্ষে) — You will find at least twenty boys there.
21. At random (এলোপাতাড়ি) — He hit (মেরেছিল) the ball at random.
22. At sixes and sevens (এলোমোলো) — In the room he found his books at sixes and sevens.
23. At stake (বিপন্ন) — His life is now at stake.
24. Bad blood (মনোমালিন্য/শত্রুতা) — Now there exist bad blood between the two sisters.
25. Bag and baggage (তল্পিতল্পাসহ) — He left the place bag and baggage. (not – with bag and baggage)
26. Bed of roses (পুষ্প শয্যা) — Life is not a bed of roses.
27. Birds of a feather (এক স্বভাবের লোক) — Birds of a feather flock together.
28. A bolt from the blue (বিনা মেঘে বজ্রপাত/সম্পূর্ণ অপ্রত্যাশিত) — The news lf his father’s death came to him as a bolt from the blue.
29. Beat black and blue (প্রচণ্ড প্রহার করা) — They beat the thief black and blue.
30. Black sheep (কুলাঙ্গার) — He is a black sheep in his family.
31. Beggar description (বর্ণনা করা যায় না) — The beauty of the Cox-Bazar beggars description.
32. By all means (সর্বপ্রকার) — Try to do it by all means.
33. By and by (শিগগির) — He will come here by and by.
dioms and Phrases  অংশ-২
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, গতকালের পর আজ ইংরেজি ২য় পত্র থেকে Idioms and Phrases আলোচনা করব। তোমরা ভালভাবে চর্চা করবে।
By the by (প্রসঙ্গক্রমে) — By the by I came to know that he is no more.
By chance (দৈবাৎ) — I met him on the way back by chance.
By fits and starts (অনিয়মিতভাবে) — He works by fits and starts.
By no means (কিছুতেই) — I shall by no means tell a lie.
By hook or by crook (যেকোনো উপায়ে) — I must complete the work by hook or by crook.
By and large (প্রধানত) — The people in our village are by and large farmers.
Bone of contention (বিবাদের বিষয়) — The bone of contention between the two brothers relates to their paternal property.
Bring to light (প্রকাশ করা) — At last all facts were brought to light.
Bring to book (শাস্তি দেওয়া) — He should be brought to book for his conduct .
Burning question (প্রধান আলোচ্য বিষয়) — The Middle-East problem is the burning question of the day.
Breathe ones last (মারা যাওয়া) — The old man breathed his last on Friday.
Call to mind (স্বরণ করা) — I can not call to mind your name.
Call in question (সন্দেহ) — No one can call his honesty in question.
Cats and dogs (মুষলধারে) — It was raining cats and dogs .
Cock and bull story (গাঁজাখোরি গল্প) — None will believe your cock and bull story.
Crying need (জরুরি প্রয়োজন) — Education is the crying need of Bangladesh.
Crocodile tears (মায়াকান্না) — He shed crocodile tears at our misery.
Come to light (প্রকাশিত হওয়া) — Their confidential (গোপনীয়) talk has come to light at last.
Cut a sorry figure (খারাপ ফল করা) — He has a cut a sorry figure in the game.
Cut to the quick (মর্মাহত হওয়া) — I was cut to the quick by his words.
Dead against (ঘোর বিরোধী) — I was dead against his proposal.
Dead of night (মধ্য রাত্রি) — The robbers broke enter the house at the dead of night. 
Die in harness (কর্মরত থাকাকালীন মারা যাওয়া) — Mr. Ali died in harness.
Fall flat (ফলপ্রসৃ না হওয়া) — My advice fell flat on him.
Fight shy (এড়িয়ে চলা) — Why do you fight shy of you teacher?
Fish out of water (অস্বস্তি অবস্থায়) — After arrest he appeared to be a fish out of water.
Fishing in a troubled water — He made a lot of money by fishing in troubled water.
Far and wide (সর্বত্র) — His fame as a scholar spread far and wide (or, far and near).
Flesh and blood (রক্তমাংসের শরীর) — Flesh and blood cannot bear with such insults.
For good (চিরকালের জন্য) — He left the country for good .
From hand to mouth (দিন আনে দিন খাওয়া বা বহু কষ্টে জীবনধারণ করা) — The poor man lives from hand to mouth.
From A to Z (From the beginning to the end) (প্রথম হইতে শেষ পর্যন্ত) — The statement is true from A to Z.
Gala day (উৎসবের দিন) — The 16th December is a gala day to the Bengalis.
Get rid of (মুক্তি পাওয়া) — Try to gerid of that rogue.
Gift of the gab (বাকপটুতা) — An advocate should have the gift of the gab.
Hard and fast (বাঁধাধরা) — There is no such hard and fast rule in this matter.
Hard nut to crack (কঠিন সমস্যা) — The problem of adult education is really a hard nut crack.
Head and ears (সম্পূর্ণরূপে) — He is over head and ears in debt.
Heart and soul (সর্বান্তকরণে) — Try heart and soul and you will succeed.
Hold Water (ধোপে টেকা) — This Policy will not hold water in this situation.
Hold good (প্রযুক্ত হওয়া) — This rule will not hold good here.
Hue and cry (শোরগোল) — The villagers raised a hue and cry to see the thief.
Hush money (ঘৃণা) — He offered a hush money to suppress the murder.
Household word (সবার পরিচিত নাম) — Mother Teresas name has now become household word.
In a fix (মুশকিলে পতিত) — He is in a fix and does not know what to do.
In fine (পরিশেষে) — In fine he declared his plan.
In full swing (পুরোদমে) — The school is now going on in full swing.
In time (ঠিক সময়) — He reached the station in time.
In order to (উদ্দেশ্যে) — He come here in order to meet my brother.
In lieu of (পরিবর্তে) — Give me the this pen in lieu of that.
In black and white (লিখিতভাবে) — Put down the statement in black and white.
In cold blood (without provocation) (ঠান্ডা মাথা) — They committed this murder in cold blood.
In no time (শিগগির) — He will finish the work in no time.
In the nick of time (ঠিক সময়) — The school team arrived in the nick of time.
Ins and outs (খুঁটিনাটি সবকিছু) — I know the ins and outs of the matter.
In vogue (চালু) — This custom is not in vogue now.
In force (বলবৎ) — This law is in force now.
In a nut shell (very briefly) (খুব সংক্ষেপে) — Tell the story in a nut shell.
In a hurry (তাড়াহুড়ো) — Don’t do the work in a hurry.
In the mean time (ইতিমধ্যে) — Lila will come here to night. In the mean time you should get her room ready.
In ones teens (তেরো থেকে উনিশ বছর বয়সের মধ্যে) — She is yet in her teens .
In the long run (পরিশেষে/পরিণামে) — A corrupted person must suffer in the long run.
In vain (বৃথা) — All his attempts were in vain.
Irony of fate (ভাগ্যের পরিহাস) — He could not succeed by irony of fate.
Lions share (সিংহভাগ) — He took the lions share of the profit.
Lame excuse (বাজে অজুহাত) — This lame excuse will not do.
Kith and kin (নিকটাত্মীয়) — He has no gild relation with his kith and kin.
Maiden speech (প্রথম বক্তৃতা) — His maiden speech fell flat on the audience.
Man of letters (পণ্ডিত লোক) — Dr. Yunus is a man of letters.
Man of straw (অপদার্থ লোক) — He is purely a man of straw.
Make both ends meet (আয়-ব্যয় মেলানো) — I cannot make both ends meet with my small income.
Moot point (অমীমাংসিত বিষয়) — Dowry system is still a moot point in west Bengal.
Nip in the bud (অঙ্কুরে বিনষ্ট করা) — All his hopes were nipped in the bud.
Null and void (বাতিল) — The deed has been null and void now.
Now and then (মাঝেমধ্যে) — He comes here now and then.
Of course (অবশ্যই) — Of course it, is correct .
On the contrary (বিপরীত পক্ষে) — I do not hate him on the contrary I love him.
On the whole (মোটের ওপর) — On the whole his conduct is good.
On the spur of the moment (মুহূর্তের উত্তেজনায়) — He did it on the spur of the moment.
Out of date (অপ্রচলিত) — This fashion is now out of date.
Out of the wood (বিপদমুক্ত) — He is not yet out of the wood.
Out of doors (বাইরে) — It is rather cold out doors.
Out of sorts (্ঈষৎ অসুস্থ) — He is out of sorts now.
Out of order (বিকল) — This machine is out of order now.
Out of temper (ক্রুদ্ধ) — He is out of temper now.
Part and parcel (অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ) — Computer is part and parcel of education.
Pros and cons (খুঁটিনাটি) — You should consider the pros and cons of the system.
Rank and file (সাধারণ লোক) — We should pay attention to the rank and file of the country.
Red letter day (স্মরণীয় দিন) — The 16th December is a red letter day in the history of Bangladesh.
Red tape (লাল ফিতার বাঁধন বা আমলাতান্ত্রিকতা) — Red tapism causes delay in official work .
Read between the lines (তাৎপর্য বোঝা) — Try to read between the lines of the letter.
Round the clock (সমস্ত দিন) — The bank is functioning round the clock.
Set free (মুক্ত করা) — The prisoners were set free.
Slow coach (অলস প্রকৃতির লোক) — Don’t trust over such a slow coach like him.
Slip of the pen (লেখায় অসতর্কতাবশত সামান্য ভুল) — This mistake was made due to slip of the pen.
Square meal (পেট ভরা আহার) — He is too poor to have a square meal every day.
Slip of the tongue (বলায় সামান্য ভুল) — This is a slip of the tongue; don’t lay much stress on it.
Steer clear of (এড়াইয়া চলা) — You must steer clear of evil company.
Stones throw (অতি নিকটে) — Our school is at a stones throw from our house.
Take to heart (মর্মাহত হওয়া) — He took his remark to heart.
# Exercise for Practice:
1.
a good deal of in a nut shell run out
a few fresh blood run into
1. Only — boys could answer to the questions.
2. Tell the history —.
3. We need some — in our office.
4. Suddenly our car — of gas yesterday.
5. Meena is very — her friends.
2.
heart and soul by way of bear with
by dint of ups and down weal and woe
1. Every life has —.
2. He tried — to win the race.
3. He succeed — hard labour.
4. He told this — of example.
5. I cannot — a statement like this.

1 comment:

Unknown said...

thanks for uploading

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