Rules of Transformationn for JSC Exam

S.M.Ahsan Habib

M.A. in English (1^st class), B.H.M.S. (D.U), B. Ed. M.Ed.(IER-DU)

Senior Teacher in English, Rotary School & College

Mobile: 01911447391   E.Mail-pann2004u@yahoo.com

Affirmative sentence	Negative sentence
every+ noun_vK‡j Every rose has a thorn. All must die. everybody	There is no (Every c‡ii Ask)+but+verb+……………..  There is no+( Every c‡ii Ask)+who/which +auxiliary verb +not+ verb    There is no rose which does not have any thorn.           There is no one who will not die.
only  Øviv e¨w³ †evSv‡j Only the rich are always happy. only (e¯‘/welqevPK kã Gi †¶‡Î)               only (msL¨v) It is only 10 pm.	none but                  None but the rich are always happy.                            nothing but              not more than/not less than              It is not more than 10 pm.
as soon as	no sooner than
always(memgq)	Never (KLbI bv)
Sometimes (gv‡Sgv‡S)	do not always/does not always/did not always/not always
too +adjective/adverb +to He is too dishonest to speak the truth.	so +adjective/adverb+ that + g~j ev‡K¨i sub +can not/could not  He is so dishonest that he cannot speak the truth.
too+ adjective/adverb+ for +noun/ pronoun +to The problem was too  tough for us to solve	so +adjective/adverb+ that +for Gi c‡ii noun/pronoun subjective form+ cannot +verb The problem was so tough that we could not solve.

must/has to/have to/need to	can not but/can not help+ verb+ing
had to /needed to	could not but/could not help
both….and…_vK‡j	not only…..but also
as…..as…_vK‡j	not less…..than  or no less-----than
less….than…_vK‡j	not as…as
as soon as…_vK‡j As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the student stood up.	No sooner …..than +wØZxq clause No sooner had the teacher entered the classroom than the students stood up.
hardly ….when/before. …_vK‡j	No sooner …..than + wØZxq clause
Scarcely …..when…_vK‡j	no sooner …..than + wØZxq clause
many …_vK‡j She has written many letters.	not a few She has not written a few letters.
many a …_vK‡j	not a few
a few…_vK‡j The boy had eaten a few mangoes.	not many(msL¨v) The boy had not eaten many mangoes.
few…_vK‡j	not a single (GKwU I b‡n)
a little…_vK‡j	not much(cwigvY)
little …_vK‡j	not a least(we›`ygvÎ)

much…_vK‡j      You have helped me much.	not a little(cwigvY)        You have not helped me a little.
Very much…_vK‡j	Negative +at all
superlative …_vK‡j The Padma is the largest river in Bangladesh.	no other+…….as/so+ positive form +as       No other river in Bangladesh is as large as the Padma.
comparative degree…_vK‡j        Akbar was as strong as a lion	….not +as+ positive form +as……………..             A lion was not stronger than Akbar.              Or Akbar was not less than a lion.
for the last time …_vK‡j  (‡kl ev‡ii g‡Zv)	never….again
for ever (wPiZ‡i) …_vK‡j	never…again
for good(wPiZ‡i) …_vK‡j	never…again
Besides …_vK‡j Affirmative: Besides all the mangoes, we also ate the apples.	Not only …..but also We ate not only all the mangoes, but also all the apples.

Assertive sentence	Interrogative Sentence
To be verb…_vK‡j A‡_©i cwieZ©b bv K‡i mvnvh¨Kvix verb hy³ Assertive sentence ‡K  Interrogative G iƒcvšÍi Kivi mgq hw` Sentence  wU Affirmative  nq Zvn‡j wbqgwUt	To be verb+ Subject +not + subject+evKx  Ask? Or To be verb +n’t(not) + subject+evKx Ask?
Negative A_©‡evaK Assertive Sentence  †K Interrogative Kivi mgq Negative kãwU D‡V hvq Ges mvnvh¨Kvix verb wU cÖ_‡g e‡m|	Affirmative: You do not know me well. Negative: Do you know me well?
Auxiliary verb  (mvnvh¨vKvix wµqv ) wenxb Present Indefinite Tense n‡j	Don’t /does not+ subject +verb+ evKx Ask?
Auxiliary verb  (mvnvh¨vKvix wµqv ) wenxb Past Indefinite Tense n‡j	Didn’t +subject +verb(Present form)+ evKx Ask?
Assertive sentence G Donot/doesnot/didn’t	Do not /doesnot /didn’t _vK‡jInterrogative sentence  Kivi mgq not ev` hvq+ Sentence Gi ïi“‡Z Do /Does/Did+subject+verb+ evwK Ask?
ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z    None …_vK‡j  Zvi ¯’‡j	Who + verb +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev,Can any one/could any one+ sentence          Gi evwK Ask?
ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z   No one …_vK‡j Zvi ¯’‡j	Who +verb +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev, Can any one/does any one+ verb+           sentence Gi evwK Ask?

ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z  Nobody …_vK‡j  Zvi ¯’‡j	Who +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev,Can any body/could any body/Does anybody+ verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask?
ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z No man…_vK‡j Zvi  ¯’‡j	Who +verb+sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev,Can any man/could any man+ does         any man/did any man+ verb+sentence         Gi evwK Ask?
ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z No person ¯’‡j	Who +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev, Can any person /could any person+            verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask?
ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z None…_vK‡j _vK‡j  ¯’‡j	Who +verb +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev, Can any one/could any body+ verb +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev, Does any one/did any one+ verb+         sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev, Is any one/Is any body+ verb+          sentence Gi evwK Ask?
ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z Everybody  Everyone , Every man, All /All men+ verb   _vK‡j	Who does not/who did not/who can not/who could not+ verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask?
ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z Everybody  Everyone , Every man, All/All men+ ‘to be verb (am, is, are, was, were )  _vK‡j	Who is not/who was not + sentence Gi evwK    Ask?

Every+Noun…_vK‡j Every mother Every father Every person A_ev All w`‡q evK¨ ïi“ n‡j......	Is there any+ noun+ who does not +verb+   sentence Gi evwK Ask? Or, Is there any+ noun+ who will not not+ verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask?
ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z There is no+ noun…_vK‡j	What+verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask?
ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z There is nobody…_vK‡j	Who+verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask?
There is no use+…noun …_vK‡j	What is the use of + sentence Gi evwK Ask?
There is nobody +adjective+ than…_vK‡j	Who is + adjective +than+……..?
ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z It is of no use…_vK‡j
Nothing but…_vK‡j	Anything
No thing but…_vK‡j	What ……but?
Universal truth (wPišÍb mZ¨)	Negative interrogative sentence
Sometimes …_vK‡j	Did not always/does not always/do not always
Never (KLb I bv)	Ever (wPiw`b)

Assertive sentence	Imperative sentence
First person(I, we,)/third person(He, she, Karim, they) w`‡q ïi“ n‡j	Let+ sub Gi objective form +verb (present form) + evwK Ask
First person(I, we,)/third person(He, she, Karim, they) w`‡q ïi“ n‡jt Subject+ I…. Subject+ We…. Subject+3rd Person (He, she, they)	Let+ sub Gi objective form +not+ verb (present form)+ evwK Ask (LetGi ci pronoun Gi objective case nq I verb mv‡_ s/es hy³ nq bv|) Subject+ me+ Principal verb Let+ us+ Principal verb Let +3rd Person +Principal verb
You do not+ verb	Don’t +verb
You must +verb	verb+ evwK Ask +evwK Ask
You must not +verb	Don’t +verb + evwK Ask
You ought to +verb+	verb+ evwK Ask
You ought not to +verb	Don’t +verb+ evwK Ask
You should not+ verb	Don’t +verb+ evwK Ask
You are requested to+ verb	Verb+ evwK Ask +,Please. Or Please+ Verb+ evwK Ask
You are requested not to +verb	Do not+ Verb+ evwK Ask, Please. Please, Do not+ Verb+ evwK Ask
You should always +verb	Always +verb+ evwK Ask
You should never +verb	Never +verb+ evwK Ask
We should+ verb	Let’s +verb+ evwK Ask
I request you to +verb	Please + verb +object/complement
I advise you to +verb+	Please +verb+ object/complement
You should+ verb +object	Please +verb +object/complement
You are wanted to+ verb+ object	Verb +object

Assertive sentence	Exclamatory sentence
	What +a/an+ adjective /adverb +adjunct +subject+ aux. verb (am /is/are/ was/ were)/ main verb+! (Exclamation mark)
I wish I were+	Had I been +(hv nZvg)! Or, If I were+(hv nZvg)! Or, Were +I +(hv nZvg)! Or, Would that I were+(hv nZvg)!
I wish I had+ I earnestly desire to +verb+ other words.	Had +I+(hv _vKZ)! Or, If I had+(hv _vKZ)! Would that I had+(hv _vKZ)!
very/a lot of	How+ adjective/adverb+….+sub +verb!
a very/a great/a most	What a/an+ adjective/adverb+….+sub +verb!
Sub+ wish +to……+ Subject+ desire to….+ Subject+ long for… Subject+ want to….	If +subject +could +verb +evwK Ask!
We rejoice that	Hurrah!+ sentence Gi evwK Ask.
It is a matter of joy that	Hurrah!+ sentence Gi evwK Ask
It is a matter of great pleasure that	Hurrah!+ sentence Gi evwK Ask
We are happy that	Hurrah!+ sentence Gi evwK Ask
It is a great joy that	Bravo!  sentence Gi evwK Ask
I regret that	Alas! + sentence Gi evwK Ask
It is a matter of sorrow that	Alas! + sentence Gi evwK Ask
We are sorry that	Alas! + sentence Gi evwK Ask
It is said that	Alas! + sentence Gi evwK Ask

Affirmative	Negative sentences
Only Allah can save us.(e¨vw³ ev Avjjvni bvg _vK‡j)	None but Allah can help us.
Only Allah can save me.	None  but  Allah can save me.
Only the book is found.	Nothing but the book is found.
Allah alone can save us.	None but Allah can save us.
He has only a few friends.	He has nothing but a few friends.
Man must obey some rules.	Man cannot help obeying some social rules.
You must obey your parents.	You cannot but obey your parents
Always speak the truth.	Never tell a lie.
Everyone had to admit that she was pretty.	None could deny that she was pretty.
As soon as he saw the bear/police, he ran away.	No sooner had he seen the bear/police than he ran away.
As soon as he reached home, the rain started.	No sooner had he reached the home than the rain started.
As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.	No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
The problem is so difficult for us to solve.	The problem is so difficult that we cannot solve it.
The problem was so difficult for us to solve.	The problem was so difficult that we could not solve it.
Everybody loves his country.	There is no man but loves his country.
Every mother loves her child.	There is no mother but lover her child.
Every king has a crown.	There is no king but has crown.
Every teacher loves his students.	No teacher hates his students.
Every rose has thorn.	No rose is without thorn./There is no rose but has thorn.
Everybody lives in society.	There is nobody but lives in society.
Samir is a regular student	Samir is not an irregular student.
I always remember you.	I never forget you.
I shall always remember him.	I shall never forget him.
I will be ever loyal to my country.	I will never be disloyal to my country.
Man is mortal.	Man is not immortal.
The boy is very agile.	The boy is not awkward at all.
All Bangladeshis are polite.	No Bangladeshi is impolite.
Everybody must die.	Nobody can but die.
He was present in the meeting.	He was not absent from the meeting.
Her parents always liked her.	Her parents never disliked her.
The police punished the thief.	The police did not forgive the thief.
Who can do this sum?	None can do the sum.
This is a fact.	This is not a fiction./This is nothing but a fact.

Exclamatory  Sentences	Assertive  sentences
What a dangerous thing a little learning is!	A little learning is a dangerous thing.
What an unhappy life he lead!	He leads a most unhappy life.
What an honest boy he was!	He was a very honest boy.
What an unhappy life the peasantry of our country lead!	The peasantry of our country lead a most unhappy life.
What a fool he is!	He is a great fool.
What a nice plan it is!	It is a very nice plan.
What a lovely garden it is!	It is a very lovely garden.
What a lovely garden!	It is a very lovely garden.
What a miserable life he leads!	He leads a very miserable life.
What a cunning animal the fox is!	The fox is a very cunning animal.
What a cheering report is!	It is a very cheering report.
How clear his handwriting is!	His handwriting is very clear.
How splendid a building it is!	It is a very splendid building.
How ugly the crow looks!	The crow looks very ugly.
How sweetly the cuckoo sings!	The cuckoo sings very sweetly.
How charming the flowers are!	The flowers are very charming.
How lucky he is!	He is very lucky.
How beautiful the bird is!	The bird is very beautiful.
How nice the bird is!	The bird is very nice.
If I could be a child again!	I wish I could  be a child again.
If I were rich!	I wish I had been rich.
If I had the wings of a dove!	I wish I had the wings of a dove.
If I were a bird!	I wish I were a bird.
If I were a child again!	I wish I were a child again.
If I were a king!	I wish I were a king.
Would that I were a king!	I wish I were a king.
Would that I were a child again!	I wish  I were a child again.
Alas! He has failed.	It is a matter of sorrow that he has failed.
Fie! You are a cheat.	It is a matter of great shame that you are a cheat.
Hurrah! We have won the game.	It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.

Affirmative  sentences	Interrogative sentences
Everybody lover her mother.	Who does not loves her mother?
Everybody fears death.	Who does not fear death?
Everybody likes an honest man.	Who does not like an honest man?/Who dislikes an honest man?
Everybody hates a liar.	Who does not hate a lair?/Who loves a liar?
Everybody wants to be rich.	Who does not want to be rich?
Everyone wishes to be happy.	Who does not want to be happy?
Nobody believes a liar.	Who believes a liar?
Everybody wants to be happy.	Who does not wants to be happy?
None could say that the shy boy would be the famous Einstein.	Who could say that the shy would be the famous Einstein?
None likes to forget his country.	Who likes to forget his country?
Nobody trusts a lair.	Who trusts a liar?
None believes a lair.	Who believes a liar ?
None can do the sum.	Who can do the sum?
Auxiliary verb  (mvnvh¨vKvix wµqv ) wenxb Present Indefinite Tense n‡j	Don’t /does not+ subject +verb+ evKx Ask?
We eat to live.	Don’t we eat to live?
Achicles also died.	What happened to Achilies?/Who also died?
I have never been to Cox’s Bazar.	Have I ever been to Cox’s Bazar?
Their glory can never fade.	Can their glory ever fade?
There is no use of this book/law.	Is there any use of this book/law?
There is no room in the bench.	Is there any room in the bench?
To be verb A‡_©i cwieZ©b bv K‡i mvnvh¨Kvix verb hy³ Assertive sentence ‡K  Interrogative G iƒcvšÍi Kivi mgq hw` Sentence  wU Affirmative  nq Zvn‡j wbqgwUt	To be verb+ Subject +not + subject+evKx  Ask? Or To be verb +n’t(not) + subject+evKx Ask?
Smoking is a bad habit.	Isn’t smoking is a bad habit?
They had nothing to say in this matter.	Did they have anything to say in this matter?
Auxiliary verb  (mvnvh¨vKvix wµqv ) wenxb Past Indefinite Tense n‡j	Didn’t +subject +verb(Present form)+ evKx Ask?
They spent a pleasant day.	Didn’t they spend a pleasant day?
The boy did his best.	Didn’t the boy do his best?
He lived in peace.	Didn’t he live in peace?
Everybody turned to look at Bahadur.	Did everybody turn to look at Bahadur?
Assertive sentences	Imperative sentences
He plays football.	Let him play football.
He wants to go out.	Let him go out.
We don’t hate the poor.	Let us not hate the poor.
We should have the courage to say the right things.	Let us have the courage to say the right things.
We should settle the dispute.	Let us settle the dispute.
You should take care of your health.	Take care of your health.
You should not find fault with others.	Don’t find fault with others.
You should not kill your time	Do not kill your time.
You should not laugh at a lame man	Don’t laugh at a lame man.
You should look before you leap.	Think before you leap.