Pronoun for JSC Exam

Pronoun

Pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun, e.g. he, she, it, they, his, her, him its etc.

Example.
John is an intelligent student. He goes to school daily. He studies a lot. He is making preparation for examination. He will get high marks examination.
In the above paragraph pronoun “he” is used instead of noun “John”. If we do not use pronoun in above paragraph we will have to use the noun “John” again and again in each sentence. So, the purpose of pronoun is to avoid the repetition of a noun. 
Examples. He, she, it, they, you, I, we, who, him, her, them, me, us, whom, his, its, their, your, mine, our and whose, myself, himself, herself , yourself,  which, this, that these, those,  are the pronouns which are mostly used.
Pronoun can be divided into following groups.

• Personal Pronouns:  e.g. I, you, He, she, it, they, who, me, him, her, them, whom
• Possessive Pronouns: e.g. yours, mine, his, hers, ours, theirs,
• Reflexive Pronouns: e.g. myself, himself, herself, itself, yourself, ourselves, themselves
• Reciprocal Pronoun: e.g. each other, one another
• Relative Pronouns: e.g. who, whom, whose, which, that
• Demonstrative Pronoun: e.g. this, these, that, those

Types of Pronoun

There five types of pronoun
1. Personal Pronoun
2. Possessive Pronoun
3. Reflixive Pronoun
4. Relative Pronoun
5. Demonstrative Pronoun

Personal Pronouns.

Personal pronoun describes a particular person or thing or group.
Personal pronoun describes the person speaking (I, me, we, us), the person spoken to (you), or the person or thing spoken about (he, she, it, they, him, her, them).

Examples. 

Types of Pronoun

There five types of pronoun
      1. Personal Pronoun
      2. Possessive Pronoun
      3. Reflixive Pronoun
      4. Relative Pronoun
      5. Demonstrative Pronoun

Personal Pronouns.

Personal pronoun describes a particular person or thing or group.
Personal pronoun describes the person speaking (I, me, we, us), the person spoken to (you), or the person or thing spoken about (he, she, it, they, him, her, them).
Example.
He helps poor.
The pronoun “he” in above sentence describes a person who helps poor.
Use of Personal Pronouns.

Namber	Person	Personal Pronoun
		Subject	Object
Singular	1st Person	I	Me
	2nd Person	You	You
	3rd Person	He, She, It	Him, Her, It
Plural	1st Person	We	Us
	2nd Person	You	You
	3rd Person	They	Them

Examples.
         She is intelligent
         They are playing chess.
         He sent me a letter.
         It is raining.
         We love our country.
         The teacher appreciated them.
         I met him yesterday.
         He gave her a gift.
         Did you go to home?

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive Pronoun indicates close possession or ownership or relationship of a thing/person to another thing/person.
e.g. yours, mine, his,  hers, ours, theirs, hers,
Example.
This book is mine.
The pronoun “mine” describes the relationship between book and a person (me) who possesses this book or who is the owner of this book.

Namber	Person	Possessive Pronoun
Singular	1st Person	Mine
	2nd Person	Yours
	3rd Person	Hers, his, its
Plural	1st Person	Ours
	2nd Person	Yours
	3rd Person	Theirs

Examples.
        That car is hers.
        Your book is old. Mine is new.
        The pen on the table is mine.
        The smallest cup is yours.
        The voice is hers.
        The car is ours not theirs.
        I have lost my camera. May I use yours?
        They received your letter. Did you received theirs.
Note: Possessive adjectives (my, her, your) may be confused with possessive pronouns. Possessive adjective modifies noun in terms of possession. Both possessive adjective and possessive show possession or ownership, but possessive adjective is used (with noun) to modify the noun while Possessive pronoun is used instead (in place of) a noun.
Examples.
This is my book. (Possessive adjective: “my” modifies the noun “book”)
This book is mine. (Possessive pronoun: “mine” is used instead of noun “to whom the book belongs”)

Reflexive Pronoun.

Reflexive pronoun describes noun when subject’s action affects the subject itself.
e.g himself, yourself, herself, ourselves, themselves, itself  are reflexive pronouns.
Reflexive pronouns always act as objects not subjects, and they require an interaction between the subject and an object.

Namber	Person	Subject	Reflive Pronoun
Singular	1st Person	I	Myself
	2nd Person	You	Yourself
	3rd Person	He, she, it	Himself, Herself, Itself
Plural	1st Person	We	Ourselves
	2nd Person	You	Yourselves
	3rd Person	They	Themselves

Examples.
        I looked at myself in the mirror.
        You should think about yourself.
        They prepared themselves for completion.
        She pleases herself by think that she will win the prize.
        He bought a car for himself.
        He locked himself in the room.
        He who loves only himself is a selfish.
Note: Reflexive noun can also be used to give more emphasis on subject or object. If a reflexive pronoun is used to give more emphasis on a subject or an object, it is called “Intensive Pronoun”. Usage and function of intensive pronoun are different from that of reflexive pronoun.
For example, she herself started to think about herself.
In the above sentence the first “herself” is used as intensive pronoun while the second “herself” is used as reflexive pronoun.
See the following examples of intensive pronouns.
Examples. (Intensive Pronouns)
I did it myself. OR. I myself did it.
She herself washed the clothes.
He himself decided to go to New York.
She herself told me.
Reciprocal Pronouns.
Reciprocal Pronouns are used when each of two or more subjects reciprocate to the other.
or
Reciprocal pronouns are used when two subjects act in same way towards each other, or, more subjects act in same way to one another.
For example,  A loves B and B love A. we can say that A and B loves each other.
There are two reciprocal pronouns

• Each other
• One another.

Examples.
        John and Marry are talking to each other.
        The students gave cards to one another.
        The people helped one another in hospital.
        Two boys were pushing each other.
        The car and the bus collided with each other.
        The students in the class greeted one another.

Relative Pronouns.

Relative Pronoun describes a noun which is mentioned before and more information is to be given about it.
Or
Relative pronoun is a pronoun which joins relative clauses and relative sentences.

For example, It is the person, who helped her.
In this sentence the word “who” is a relative pronoun which refers to the noun (the person) which is already mentioned in beginning of sentence (It is the person) and more information (he helped her) is given after using a relative pronoun (who) for the noun (the person).
Similarly, in above sentence the pronoun “who” joins two clauses which are “it is the person” and “who helped her”.   
Examples. The most commonly used five relative pronouns are, who, whom, whose, which, that.
“Who” is for subject and “whom” is used for object. “who” and “whom” are used for people. “Whose” is used to show possession and can be used for both people and things. “Which” is used for things. “That” is used for people and things.
Examples.
        It is the girl who got first position in class.
        Adjective is a word that modifies noun.
        The man whom I met yesterday is a nice person.
        It is the planning that makes succeed.
        The boy who is laughing is my friend.
        It is the boy whose father is doctor.
        The car which I like is red.

Demonstrative Pronouns.

Demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that points to a thing or things.
e.g. this, that, these, those, none, neither
These pronouns point to thing or things in short distance/time or long distance/time.
Short distance or time: This, these.
Long distance or time: That, those.

Demonstrative pronouns “this and that” are used for singular thing while “these or those” are used for plural things.
Examples
          This is black.
          That is heavy.
          Can you see these?
          Do you like this?
          John brought these.
          Those look attractive.
          Have you tried this.