Right forms of verbs

Rule-10 : Sentence-এ just, just now, already, recently, lately, ever, yet ইত্যাদি থাকলে তা present perfect tense হয়। যেমন:
a) Rabeya (take)—her dinner just now.
Ans. Rabeya has taken her dinner just now.
b) I (see)—him recently.
Ans. I have seen him recently.
c) He already (reach)—home.
Ans. He has already reached home.
Try yourself : d) Have you ever (be)—to the zoo?
e) Have you not (receive)—my letter yet?
Rule-11 : Sentence-এ yesterday, ago, long ago, last week, last year, last month, that day, day before yesterday প্রভৃতি অতীত নির্দেশক শব্দ থাকলে তা past indefinite tense হবে। যেমন:
a) The boy (go)—home yesterday.
Ans. The boy went home yesterday.
b) She did not (go)—to college yesterday.
Ans. She did not go to college yesterday.
c) Did he (come)—home yesterday?
Ans. Did he come home yesterday?
Try yourself : d) The man (go)—London last week.
e) He (leave)—home last night.
Rule-12 : To-এর পরে verb-এর present form হয়। যেমন: a) She went to New Market to (buy) — a dress.
Ans. She went to New Market to buy a dress.
b) We have come here to (see) — his ailing mother.
Ans. We have come here to see his ailing mother.
c) The man said to the porter to (carry) — the load.
Ans. The man said to the porter to carry the load.
Try yourself : d) You need to (go) — there.
e) We have to (realise) — the importance of English.
Rule-13 : ‘Since’ বা ‘for’-এর পরে সময় উল্লেখ থাকলে sentence-টি present perfect continuous tense হবে। যেমন:
(a) It (rain)—for two hours.
Ans. It has been raining for two hours.
(b) It (rain)—since the morning.
Ans. It has been raining since the morning.
(c) We (live)—in Dhaka since 1986.
Ans. We have been living in Dhaka since 1986.
Try yourself : (d) They (live)—Dhaka for 20 years.
(e) She (wait)—you for two hours.
Rule-14 : With a view to / look forward to-এর পরে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। যেমন: a) I went there with a view to (read)—there.
Ans. I went there with a view to reading there.
b) I am looking forward to (get)— your reply.
Ans. I am looking forward to getting your reply.
c) I looked forward to (stand)—first in the class.
Ans. I looked forward to standing first in the class.
Try yourself : d) They become addicted to (take) — drugs.
e) We went to Cox’s Bazar with a view to (see) — the sea shore.
Rule-15 : By-এর পরে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:
a) He expressed his grief by (say) — that the thief had stolen his watch.
Ans. He expressed his grief by saying that the thief had stolen his watch.
b) Answer the questions by (write) — one point of information.
Ans. Answer the questions by writing one point of information.
c) By (dig) — a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree.
Ans. By digging a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree.
Try yourself :
d) No student can pass the examination by (adopt) — unfairmeans in the examination.
e) By (be) — conscious of a language one can develop his ‘explicit’ learning.
Rule-16 : In / of / for / with / without / before / after প্রভৃতি preposition-এর পরে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:
a) I don’t believe in (overload) — my stomach.
Ans. I don’t believe in overloading my stomach.
b) I had never thought of (go) — there.
Ans. I had never thought of going there.
c) I could not live without (help) — the poor.
Ans. I could not live without helping the poor.
Try yourself :
d) After (do) — the work I will go out.
e) The porter came here for (do) — the work.
Rule-17 : Mind, would you mind, worth, past, can not help, could not help-এর পরে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:
a) Would you mind (give) — me a pen?
Ans. Would you mind giving me a pen?
b) I can not help (do) — the work.
Ans. I can not help doing the work.
c) He could not help (help) — the poor.
Ans. He could not help helping the poor.
Try yourself :
d) She never mind (have) — ice cream.
e) He could not help (sell) — his land.
Rule-18 : Sentence-এর শুরুতে যদি would that থাকে তাহলে subject-এর পরে could বসে এবং verb-এর present form হয়। যেমন:
(a) Would that I (go) — to the moon.
Ans. Would that I could go to the moon.
(b) Would that I (be) — a poet like Nazrul.
Ans. Would that I could be a poet like Nazrul.
(c) Would that I (enter) — into the class-room.
Ans. Would that I could enter into the class-room.
Try yourself : (d) Would that I (buy) — a latest car.
(e) Would that I (see) — our great Prophet (SM).

Rule-19 : Sentence-এ to be / having / got থাকলে মূল verb-এর past participle হয়। যেমন:
a) The thief ran away having (see) — the policeman. Ans. The thief ran away having seen the policeman.
b) The Principal desired the notice to be (hang) — . Ans. The Principal desired the notice to be hung.
c) The works are to be (do) — immediately.
Ans. The works are to be done immediately.
Try yourself : d) I got the letter (write) — by him.
e) Having (do) — his duty he went out.
Rule-20: ব্র্যাকেটে be থাকলে person, number এবং tense অনুযায়ী am / is / are / was / were / been হবে। যেমন:
a) Allah (be) — everywhere.
Ans. Allah is everywhere.
b) It (be) — twenty years ago.
Ans. It was twenty years ago.
c) One of my friends (be) — a good student. Ans. One of my friends is/was a good student.
Try yourself :(d) The tickets of the journey (be) — very costly.
(e) The people of this village (be) — very poor ago.
Rule-21 : বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বুঝলে Present continuous tense হয়। এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমন:
a) Now the students (sing) — the national anthem. Ans. Now the students are singing the national anthem.
b) The boys (watch) — the television now.
Ans. The boys are watching the television now.
c) They (enjoy) — a song now.
Ans. They are enjoying a song now.
Try yourself : d) They (watch) — TV at this moment.
e) The farmer (cultivate) — his land now.
Rule-22 : If-যুক্ত clause-টি Present indefinite tense হলে অপর clause-টি future indefinite tense হয়, অর্থাৎ [If + Present indefinite + Future indefinite]। যেমন:
a) If you walk slowly, you (miss) ... the train. Ans. If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.
b) If he works hard, he (shine) ... in life.
Ans. If he works hard, he will shine in life.
c) If you run in the rain, you (catch) ... cold.
Ans. If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.
Try yourself : d) I will not go out, if it (rain) —
e) If he (come) — here, I will go there with him.
Rule-23 : lf / had-যুক্ত clause-টি past indefinite tense হলে অপর clause-এর subject-এর পরে would / could / might বসে এবং verb-এর present form বসে। যেমন:
a) If he requested me, I (go) — there.
Ans. If he requested me, I would go there.
b) If I were a rich man, I (help) — the poor.
Ans. If I were a rich man, I would help the poor.
c) If I were the President, I (remove) — the terrorism.
Ans. If I were the President, I would remove the terrorism.
Try yourself : d) Had I much money, I (establish) — a college.
e) Had I the wings of a bird, I (fly) — like a bird.
Rule-24 : Sentence-এ if / had-যুক্ত clause-টি past perfect tense হলে অপর অংশটিতে subject-এর পরে অর্থভেদে would have / could have / might have বসে এবং verb-এর past participle হয়।
যেমন: a) If he had invited, I (go) — .
Ans. If he had invited, I would have gone.
b) If I had been a rich man, I (help) — the poor.
Ans. If I had been a rich man, I would have helped the poor.
c) I would have helped him, if he (want) — .
Ans. I would have helped him, if he had wanted.
Try yourself : d) We would have come, if he (invite) — .
e) If you had stated earlier, you (catch) — the bus.
Rule-25 : Sentence-এ wish, fancy, it is time, it is high time ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb-এর past tense হয় এবং be থাকলেই were হয়। যেমন: a) I wish I (win) — the first prize in the lottery.
Ans. I wish I won the first prize in the lottery.
b) I fancy I (fly) — among the stars.
Ans. I fancy I flew among the stars.
c) It is time you (change) — your bad habit.
Ans. It is time you changed your bad habit.
Try yourself : d) I wish I (be) — a rich man.
e) It is time we (earn) — our livelihood.
Rule-26 : Sentence-এ যদি as if, as though ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে বন্ধনীর be-এর স্থলে were বসে।
যেমন: a) He speaks as if he (be)—the owner of the farm.
Ans. He speaks as if he were the owner of the farm.
b) The man speaks as though he (be) — a leader.
Ans. The man speaks as though he were a leader.
c) The man speaks as if he (be) — a landlord.
Ans. The man speaks as if he were a landlord.
Try yourself : d) The man speaks as though he (be) — a rich man.
e) He speaks as if he (be) — the President of Bangladesh.
Rule-27 : Sentence-এ each, every, everyone, anyone, any, many a, everybody, every thing, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything, something, someone, one of, either, neither ইতাদি থাকলে verb-এর singular number হয়। যেমন:
a) Every mother (love) — her child.
Ans. Every mother loves her child.
b) One of the students (be) — very brilliant.
Ans. One of the students is/was very brilliant.
c) Each of the boys (be) — present yesterday.
Ans. Each of the boys was present yesterday.
Try yourself : d) Many a boy (ruin) — his career through laziness.
e) Neither of the two boys (be) — present today.
Rule-28 : While-এর ঠিক পরেই ব্র্যাকেটের মধ্যে যে verb থাকে তার সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। কিন্তু while-এর পরে subject থাকলে while-এর অংশটি Past continuous tense হয়।
যেমন: a) While (walk) — in the garden, a snake bit him.
Ans. While walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
b) While he (walk) — in the garden, a snake bit him.
Ans. While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
c) While it (rain) — I was going to college.
Ans. While it was raining, I was going to college.
Try yourself : d) While (sleep) — in his room, he dreamt a nice dream.
e) My uncle arrived while she (cook) — the dinner.
Rule- 29 : একই দৈর্ঘ্য, পরিমাণ বা স্থান বোঝালে subject দেখতে plural হলেও verb-এর singular number হয়।
যেমন: a) Previously fifty miles (be) — a long way.
Ans. Previously fifty miles was a long way.
b) Twenty miles (be) — not a great distance now a days.
Ans. Twenty miles is not a great distance now a days.
c) Sixty cents (be) — was enough for him.
Ans. Sixty cents is/was enough for him.
Try yourself : a) Twenty dollars (be) — not sufficient in line.
b) Fifty cents (be) — enough at that time.

Rule-30 : Main clause-এর verb-টি past tense-এর হলে এবং পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে subject-এর পরে would / should বসে এবং verb-এর present form হয়। যেমন:
a) He said that he (go) — home the next day.
Ans. He said that he would go home the next day.
b) He told that he (come) — here the next year.
Ans. He told that he would come here the next year.
Try yourself :
c) She said that she (sell) — her land the next month. d) The man said that he (go) — to London the next day.
Rule-31 : After-এর পরে এবং before-এর পূর্বের clause-টি past perfect tense হয় এবং অন্য clause-টি past indefinite tense হয়। যেমন:
a) The doctor (come)—before the patient came.
Ans. The doctor had come before the patient came.
b) The doctor came after the patient (die)—.
Ans. The doctor came after the patient had died.
Try yourself :
c) The patient had (died)—the doctor came.
Rule-32 : Sentence-টি passive voice হলে tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb ও verb-এর past participle বসাতে হবে এবং gap-এর পরে subject থাকলে by বসাতে হবে। যেমন:
a) English (speak) — all over the world.
Ans. English is spoken all over the world.
b) English (speak) — the English.
Ans. English is spoken by the English.
c) He has (expel)—from the examination hall.
Ans. He has been expelled from the examination hall.
Try yourself :
d) The boys (send) —to school yesterday.

Rule-33 : কিছু ব্যতিক্রম ছাড়া principal clause-এর verb যদি past tense-এর হয় তবে subordinate clause-এর verb-ও past tense-এ হবে এবং একটি present হলে অপরটিও present হবে। যেমন:
a) The man was so ill that he (will) — not be able to attend the meeting.
Ans. The man was so ill that he would not be able to attend the meeting.
b) I knew that he (will not come) — to me for his personal purpose.
Ans. I knew that he would not come to me for his personal purpose.
c) His father (ask) ... him whether he had done the work or not.
Ans. His father asked him whether he had done the work or not.
Try yourself : d) I did not know the reasons why he (come) — to me. e) The sun (rise) — and fog disappeared.
Rule-34 : Sentence যদি universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য), habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত কর্ম) ইত্যাদি বোঝায় তাহলে sentence-টি present indefinite tense হয়। যেমন:
a) Father said that the earth (move) — round the sun.
Ans. Father said that the earth moves round the sun.
b) The teacher told that the sun (rise) — the east.
Ans. The teacher told that the sun rises in the east.
c) He said that the sun (set) — the west.
Ans. He said that the sun sets in the west.
Try yourself : d) The scientist reported that ice (float) — water.
e) Mother said that honesty (be) — the best policy.
Rule-35 : Principal clause-এর Verb যদি Present / Future tense-এর হয় তবে Subordinate clause-এর Verb যেকোনো Tense-এ হবে। যেমন:
a) My father says that he (be) ... a freedom fighter.
Ans. My father says that he is/was a freedom fighter.
b) Iraqi President says that he (win) ... the war against allied forces.
Ans. Iraqi President says that he will win the war against allied forces.
Try yourself :
c) I think you will say that you (participate) ... the grand rally.
Rule-36 : Since-যুক্ত Sentence-এর প্রথম অংশ Present indefinite tense বা Present perfect tense হলে Since-এর পরের অংশে Past indefinite tense হয়। যেমন:
(a) It is many years since he (go)—abroad.
Ans. It is many years since he went abroad.
(b) It is twenty years since I (see)— him last.
Ans. It is twenty years since I saw him last.
Try yourself : (c) Two years have passed since I (see) —him last. (d) It is many years since I (come) — to Dhaka.

Rule-37 : Since-যুক্ত sentence-এর প্রথম অংশ past indefinite tense হলে এর পরের অংশ past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:
(a) It was twenty years since he first (meet) — her.
Ans. It was twenty years since he had first met her.
(b) It was many years since he (go)—abroad.
Ans. It was many years since he had gone abroad.
(c) Two years passed since I (see)—him last.
Ans. Two years passed since I had seen him last.
Try yourself : (d) It was many years since I (come)—to Dhaka. (e) Many years passed since his mother (die)—.
Rule-38 : As soon as-এর পরে দুটি clause-ই past indefinite tense-এ হবে [as soon as + past indefinite + past indefinite]। যেমন: (a) As soon as we (reach)—the station, the train (leave)—.
Ans. As soon as we reached the station, the train left.
(b) As soon as the students (come)—to college, the bell (ring)—.
Ans. As soon as the students came to college, the bell rang.
(c) As soon as we (start)—for college, the rain (start)—.
Ans. As soon as we started for college, the rain started.
Try yourself : (d) As soon as he (see)—me, he (run)—away swiftly.
(e) As soon as the police (mark)—the thief, he (run)—away.
Rule-39 : Sentence-এ যদি no sooner had ... than থাকে তাহলে no sooner + past perfect + than + past indefinite হবে। যেমন:
(a) No sooner had the rain (stop)—than they (leave)—the shelter.
Ans. No sooner had the rain stopped than they left the shelter.
(b) No sooner had we (reach)—the station than the train (leave)—.
Ans. No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.
(c) No had the man (see)—than he (run)—away.
Ans. No had the man seen than he ran away.
Try yourself : (d) No sooner had the thief (see)—the police than the thief (flee) —away from the spot.
(e) No sooner had we reached the college—the rain started.
Rule-40 : So that, in order that দ্বারা যুক্ত sentence-এর একটি clause-এর verb present tense / future tense-এর হলে অপর clause-এর verb-এর পূর্বে can / may বসে এবং past tense হলে could / might বসে। যেমন: (a) He reads attentively so that he (stand)—first in the final examination.
Ans. He reads attentively so that he can stand first in the final examination.
(b) He read attentively so that he (stand)—first in the final examination.
Ans. He read attentively so that he could stand first in the final examination.
(c) He worked hard in order that he (build)—his good future.
Ans. He worked hard in order that he could build his good future.
Try yourself : (d) He will learn computer in order that he (get)—a satisfactory job.
(e) He saved some money in order that he (buy)—some books.
Rule-41 : ‘lest’ conjunction দ্বারা subordinate clause যুক্ত হলে principal clause-এর verb যে tense-ই থাকুক না কেন subordinate clause-এর subject-এর পরে should বসে। যেমন:
(a) Read attentively lest you (fail)—in the final examination.
Ans. Read attentively lest you should fail in the final examination.
(b) He went away lest you (see)—him.
Ans. He went away lest you should see him.
(c) He will return fast lest he (fall)—in danger.
Ans. He will return fast lest he should fall in danger.
Try yourself : (d) The officer was sympathetic to the boy lest he (go)— away.
(e) The housewives are very conscious about the maid-servants lest they (leave)—them.

ule-42 : As well as, with, along, including, together, in addition to, accompanied by প্রভৃতি দ্বারা দুটি Subject যুক্ত থাকলে প্রথম Subject অনুযায়ী Verb বসে। যেমন:
(a) Rahim as well as his brothers (sing) — well.
Ans. Rahim as well as his brothers is singing well.
(b) The teacher along with their students (be) — busy that day.
Ans. The teacher along with their students was busy that day.
Try yourself : (a) The king with his guards (be) — killed last year.
Rule-43 : কোনো Simple sentence-এ দুটি Verb থাকলে দ্বিতীয় Verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:
a) I saw him (go)—to college.
Ans. I saw him going to college.
b) We saw a bird (fly)—the blue sky.
Ans. We saw a bird flying in the blue sky.
c) He went back to work (close)—the door.
Ans. He went back to work closing the door.
Try yourself : (a) We saw the boys (play)—in the college campus.
(b) You saw the girl (dance)—on the stage.
Rule-44 : Compound / Complex sentence-এর একটি Clause past হলে অন্যগুলো সাধারণত Past হবে। যেমন: (a) I knew that it (be) — expensive.
Ans. I Knew that it was expensive.
(b) Since he is honest, he (not take) — bribe.
Ans. Since he is honest, he does not take bribe.
(c) Since he was honest, he (not take) — bribe.
Ans. Since he was honest, he did not take bribe.
Try yourself : (a) When I came to college, it (rain) — . (b) He said that he (will go) — to college next day.

# নিচে অনুশীলনের জন্য এক সেট নমুনা প্রশ্ন দেওয়া হলো। তোমরা নিজেরা আগে চেষ্টা করবে তারপর উত্তরের সঙ্গে মিলিয়ে নেবে।
# Complete the passage with suitable verbs from the list. Put them in the correct tenses. Use the negatives where necessary.

wipe experience endanger fight
include exclude wash

As Bangladesh (a) — frequent natural disasters, she (b) — in the international distress call list. The people of this country preserve their existence through (c) — with natural forces. Besides, the adverse effects of natural forces, she is (d) — with greenhouse gases which may cause to (e) — away about one-third of our land mass.