Transformation
of sentences
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, আজ ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় পত্রের part-A-এর transformation of sentences নিয়ে আলোচনা করব। এ ক্ষেত্রে একটি ছোট passage দেওয়া থাকবে এবং passage-এর অন্তর্ভুক্ত পাঁচটি sentence-এর নিচে দাগ টানা থাকবে। প্রত্যেকটি sentence-এর ডান পাশে বন্ধনীর ভেতর নির্দেশ দেওয়া থাকবে। নির্দেশ অনুসারে sentence গুলোকে পরিবর্তন করতে হবে। এ প্রশ্নটির জন্য নম্বর থাকবে ৫। পূর্ণাঙ্গ প্রশ্ন তুলে ধরার আগে transformation-এর নিয়মগুলো আলোচনা করবো।
Affirmative to Negative
Rule-1: Only/alone থাকলে ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে none but, বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে nothing but, বয়স/সংখ্যার ক্ষেত্রে not more than/not less than বসে। যেমন: Affirmative : He alone can do this.
Negative : None but he can do this.
Affirmative : Only the graduates should apply.
Negative : None but the graduates should apply.
Affirmative : I have only a few books.
Negative : I have nothing but a few books.
Affirmative : I have only ten millions.
Negative : I have not more than ten millions.
Affirmative : He is only ten years old.
Negative : He is not more than ten years old.
Try Yourself: (a) Allah alone can help us.
(b) Only the qualified candidates should apply for the post. (c) The boys have only a few mangoes. (d) I have only three hundred taka.
(e) She is only sixteen years old.
Rule-2: Must থাকলে cannot but/cannot help বসে। Cannot help-এর পরে যে verb-এর তার সঙ্গে ing যোগ করতে হবে। যেমন:
Affirmative : I must help my brother.
Negative : I cannot but help my brother. Or. Negative : I cannot helping my brother.
Affirmative : He must do it.
Negative : He cannot but do it. Or. Negative : He cannot help doing it.
Affirmative : You must obey your teacher.
Negative : You cannot but obey your teacher.
Or. Negative : You cannot help obeying your teacher.
Try Yourself: (a) You must help the poor. (b) He must buy new books. (c) You must obey your elders.(d) One must perform one’s duty.
(e) We must abide by law and order.
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, আজ ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় পত্রের part-A-এর transformation of sentences নিয়ে আলোচনা করব। এ ক্ষেত্রে একটি ছোট passage দেওয়া থাকবে এবং passage-এর অন্তর্ভুক্ত পাঁচটি sentence-এর নিচে দাগ টানা থাকবে। প্রত্যেকটি sentence-এর ডান পাশে বন্ধনীর ভেতর নির্দেশ দেওয়া থাকবে। নির্দেশ অনুসারে sentence গুলোকে পরিবর্তন করতে হবে। এ প্রশ্নটির জন্য নম্বর থাকবে ৫। পূর্ণাঙ্গ প্রশ্ন তুলে ধরার আগে transformation-এর নিয়মগুলো আলোচনা করবো।
Affirmative to Negative
Rule-1: Only/alone থাকলে ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে none but, বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে nothing but, বয়স/সংখ্যার ক্ষেত্রে not more than/not less than বসে। যেমন: Affirmative : He alone can do this.
Negative : None but he can do this.
Affirmative : Only the graduates should apply.
Negative : None but the graduates should apply.
Affirmative : I have only a few books.
Negative : I have nothing but a few books.
Affirmative : I have only ten millions.
Negative : I have not more than ten millions.
Affirmative : He is only ten years old.
Negative : He is not more than ten years old.
Try Yourself: (a) Allah alone can help us.
(b) Only the qualified candidates should apply for the post. (c) The boys have only a few mangoes. (d) I have only three hundred taka.
(e) She is only sixteen years old.
Rule-2: Must থাকলে cannot but/cannot help বসে। Cannot help-এর পরে যে verb-এর তার সঙ্গে ing যোগ করতে হবে। যেমন:
Affirmative : I must help my brother.
Negative : I cannot but help my brother. Or. Negative : I cannot helping my brother.
Affirmative : He must do it.
Negative : He cannot but do it. Or. Negative : He cannot help doing it.
Affirmative : You must obey your teacher.
Negative : You cannot but obey your teacher.
Or. Negative : You cannot help obeying your teacher.
Try Yourself: (a) You must help the poor. (b) He must buy new books. (c) You must obey your elders.(d) One must perform one’s duty.
(e) We must abide by law and order.
nTransformation
of sentences
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, গতকারের পর আজ ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় পত্রের part-A-এর transformation of sentences নিয়ে আলোচনা করব। এ ক্ষেত্রে একটি ছোট passage দেওয়া থাকবে এবং passage-এর অন্তর্ভুক্ত পাঁচটি sentence-এর নিচে দাগ টানা থাকবে। প্রত্যেকটি sentence-এর ডান পাশে বন্ধনীর ভেতর নির্দেশ দেওয়া থাকবে। নির্দেশ অনুসারে sentence গুলোকে পরিবর্তন করতে হবে। এ প্রশ্নটির জন্য নম্বর থাকবে ৫। পূর্ণাঙ্গ প্রশ্ন তুলে ধরার আগে transformation-এর নিয়মগুলো আলোচনা করবো।
Affirmative to Negative
Rule-3: Every যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় every-এর স্থলে there is no বসে। এরপর every এর পরের শব্দটি + but বসে, এরপর sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে। যেমন:
Affirmative: Every mother loves her child.
Negative: There is no mother but loves her child.
Affirmative: Every one will support him.
Negative: There is no one but will support him.
Try Yourself:
(a) Every father loves his son.
(b) Every one will perform his duty.
(c) Everybody hates a liar.
(d) Everybody respect an honest man.
(e) Every citizen loves his motherland.
Rule-4: As soon as থাকলে no sooner had + প্রদত্ত বাকের subject + verb-এর past participle form + than + দ্বিতীয় clause-এর past form বসবে। যেমন:
Example:
Affirmative: As soon as the rain stopped, we came back home.
Negative: No sooner had the rain stopped than we came back home.
Affirmative: As soon as he arrived at the airport, the plane went off.
Negative: No sooner had he arrived at the airport than the plane went off.
Affirmative: As soon as we reached the station, the train left.
Negative: No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.
Try Yourself:
(a) As soon as we reached college, the bell rang.
(b) As soon as he arrived at the bus stand, the bus started.
(c) As soon as they reached the station, the train left.
(d) As soon as the students reached the college, the class started.
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, গতকারের পর আজ ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় পত্রের part-A-এর transformation of sentences নিয়ে আলোচনা করব। এ ক্ষেত্রে একটি ছোট passage দেওয়া থাকবে এবং passage-এর অন্তর্ভুক্ত পাঁচটি sentence-এর নিচে দাগ টানা থাকবে। প্রত্যেকটি sentence-এর ডান পাশে বন্ধনীর ভেতর নির্দেশ দেওয়া থাকবে। নির্দেশ অনুসারে sentence গুলোকে পরিবর্তন করতে হবে। এ প্রশ্নটির জন্য নম্বর থাকবে ৫। পূর্ণাঙ্গ প্রশ্ন তুলে ধরার আগে transformation-এর নিয়মগুলো আলোচনা করবো।
Affirmative to Negative
Rule-3: Every যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় every-এর স্থলে there is no বসে। এরপর every এর পরের শব্দটি + but বসে, এরপর sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে। যেমন:
Affirmative: Every mother loves her child.
Negative: There is no mother but loves her child.
Affirmative: Every one will support him.
Negative: There is no one but will support him.
Try Yourself:
(a) Every father loves his son.
(b) Every one will perform his duty.
(c) Everybody hates a liar.
(d) Everybody respect an honest man.
(e) Every citizen loves his motherland.
Rule-4: As soon as থাকলে no sooner had + প্রদত্ত বাকের subject + verb-এর past participle form + than + দ্বিতীয় clause-এর past form বসবে। যেমন:
Example:
Affirmative: As soon as the rain stopped, we came back home.
Negative: No sooner had the rain stopped than we came back home.
Affirmative: As soon as he arrived at the airport, the plane went off.
Negative: No sooner had he arrived at the airport than the plane went off.
Affirmative: As soon as we reached the station, the train left.
Negative: No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.
Try Yourself:
(a) As soon as we reached college, the bell rang.
(b) As soon as he arrived at the bus stand, the bus started.
(c) As soon as they reached the station, the train left.
(d) As soon as the students reached the college, the class started.
Affirmative to Negative
Rule-5: Affirmative sentence-এ যদি superlative degree-এর adjective থাকে তবে তাকে negative করার সময় no other + adjective-এর পরের অংশ + verb + as + superlative adjective-এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত বাক্যের subject বসে।
Example: Affirmative: Karim is the best boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as Karim.
Affirmative: Fahima is the most beautiful girl in the class.
Negative: No other girl in the class is as beautiful as Fahima.
Try Yourself: (a) Hassan is the best student in the college.
(b) Rini is the most intelligent girl in the class.
(c) He is the wisest man in the village.
(d) He is the cleverest man in the office.
(e) He was the tallest man in this village.
Rule-6: Than any other/than all other (comparative degree) যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় no other + than any other/than all other-এর পরের ask + verb + adjective-এর positive form + as + subject.
Example: Affirmative: He is wiser than any other man in the village.
Negative: No other man in the village is as wise as he.
Affirmative: He is cleverer than any other boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as clever as he.
Try yourself: (c) Rana is taller than any other boy in the village.
(d) The man is cleverer than any other man in this area.
Rule-7: less ....... than যুক্ত sentence কে negative করার সময় less-এর স্থলে not as বসবে এবং than-এর স্থলে as বসে।
Example: Affirmative: They are less rich than you.
Negative: They are not as rich as you.
Affirmative: She is less brilliant than her sister.
Negative: She is not as brilliant as her sister.
Try yourself: (a) They are less rich than you.
(b) He is less brilliant than his brother.
(c) This subject is less important than English.
(d) She was less intelligent than Adnan.
(e) Rana was less honest than Mamun.
Rule-8: Always যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় always-এর পরিবর্তে never এবং affirmative শব্দটির বিপরীত শব্দ (antonym) বসবে।
Example: Affirmative: You are always late.
Negative: You are never punctual.
Affirmative: I shall always support you.
Negative: I shall never oppose you.
Try Yourself: (a) They are always late.
(b) They will always support me.
(c) He was always punctual. (d) They were always active.
(e) The nation will always remember the martyrs.
Rule-9: To.........to যুক্ত affirmative aentence কে so.......that দ্বারা negative করতে হয়।
Example: Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.
Negative: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Affirmative: He was too tired to do it.
Negative: He was so tired that he could not do it.
Try yourself: (a) The man was too weak to speak.
(b) He was too dull to do the sum.
(c) The man was too honest to take bribe.
(d) He was too poor to buy a book.
(e) The boy was too poor to buy a shirt. #
Rule-5: Affirmative sentence-এ যদি superlative degree-এর adjective থাকে তবে তাকে negative করার সময় no other + adjective-এর পরের অংশ + verb + as + superlative adjective-এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত বাক্যের subject বসে।
Example: Affirmative: Karim is the best boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as Karim.
Affirmative: Fahima is the most beautiful girl in the class.
Negative: No other girl in the class is as beautiful as Fahima.
Try Yourself: (a) Hassan is the best student in the college.
(b) Rini is the most intelligent girl in the class.
(c) He is the wisest man in the village.
(d) He is the cleverest man in the office.
(e) He was the tallest man in this village.
Rule-6: Than any other/than all other (comparative degree) যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় no other + than any other/than all other-এর পরের ask + verb + adjective-এর positive form + as + subject.
Example: Affirmative: He is wiser than any other man in the village.
Negative: No other man in the village is as wise as he.
Affirmative: He is cleverer than any other boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as clever as he.
Try yourself: (c) Rana is taller than any other boy in the village.
(d) The man is cleverer than any other man in this area.
Rule-7: less ....... than যুক্ত sentence কে negative করার সময় less-এর স্থলে not as বসবে এবং than-এর স্থলে as বসে।
Example: Affirmative: They are less rich than you.
Negative: They are not as rich as you.
Affirmative: She is less brilliant than her sister.
Negative: She is not as brilliant as her sister.
Try yourself: (a) They are less rich than you.
(b) He is less brilliant than his brother.
(c) This subject is less important than English.
(d) She was less intelligent than Adnan.
(e) Rana was less honest than Mamun.
Rule-8: Always যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় always-এর পরিবর্তে never এবং affirmative শব্দটির বিপরীত শব্দ (antonym) বসবে।
Example: Affirmative: You are always late.
Negative: You are never punctual.
Affirmative: I shall always support you.
Negative: I shall never oppose you.
Try Yourself: (a) They are always late.
(b) They will always support me.
(c) He was always punctual. (d) They were always active.
(e) The nation will always remember the martyrs.
Rule-9: To.........to যুক্ত affirmative aentence কে so.......that দ্বারা negative করতে হয়।
Example: Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.
Negative: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Affirmative: He was too tired to do it.
Negative: He was so tired that he could not do it.
Try yourself: (a) The man was too weak to speak.
(b) He was too dull to do the sum.
(c) The man was too honest to take bribe.
(d) He was too poor to buy a book.
(e) The boy was too poor to buy a shirt. #
Affirmative to Negative
Rule-10: both ... and থাকলে not only ... but also বসবে।
Example: Affirmative: Both Razu and Shilla went to college.
Negative: Not only Razu but also Shilla went to college.
Affirmative: Both Neela and Bella made a train journey.
Negative : Not only Neela but also Bella made a train journey.
Try yourself: (a) Both Mamun and Keya can do it.
(b) Both the teachers and the students came to the meeting.
Rule-11: সাধারণত affirmative sentence কে negative sentence-এ পরিণত করতে হলে প্রদত্ত বাক্যের affirmative শব্দটির বিপরীত শব্দ (antonym) বসিয়ে তার আগে নিয়মমতো not বসাতে হয়।
Example: Affirmative: He loves me.
Negative: He does not hate me.
Affirmative: The workers were very active.
Negative: The workers were not inactive.
Some Important Antonyms:
Sl. Word Opposite Word
1. always never
2. good bad
3. friend enemy/foe
4. active inactive
5. absent present
6. agree disagree
7. doubtful undoubtful
8. grateful ungrateful
9. honest dishonest
10. pleasant unpleasant
11. pleased displeased
12. legal illegal
13. possible impossible
14. literate illiterate
15. present absent
16. punctual late
17. regular irregular
18. responsible irresponsible
19. honest dishonest
20. happy unhappy
21. hard easy
22. honor dishonor
23. healthy unhealthy
24. love hate
25. moral immoral
26. mortal immortal
27. comfortable uncomfortable
28. obey disobey
29. obedient disobedient
30. real unreal
31. rich poor
32. remember forget
33. right wrong
34. sincere insincere
35. solvent insolvent
36. wise unwise
37. willing unwilling
38. tall short
39. heavy light
40. intelligent Dull
41. support dispute
Try yourself:
(a) We love our motherland very much.
(b) I shall remember you always.
(c) A.K Fazlul Hoque was a popular leader.
(d) He was a famous politician.
Rule-10: both ... and থাকলে not only ... but also বসবে।
Example: Affirmative: Both Razu and Shilla went to college.
Negative: Not only Razu but also Shilla went to college.
Affirmative: Both Neela and Bella made a train journey.
Negative : Not only Neela but also Bella made a train journey.
Try yourself: (a) Both Mamun and Keya can do it.
(b) Both the teachers and the students came to the meeting.
Rule-11: সাধারণত affirmative sentence কে negative sentence-এ পরিণত করতে হলে প্রদত্ত বাক্যের affirmative শব্দটির বিপরীত শব্দ (antonym) বসিয়ে তার আগে নিয়মমতো not বসাতে হয়।
Example: Affirmative: He loves me.
Negative: He does not hate me.
Affirmative: The workers were very active.
Negative: The workers were not inactive.
Some Important Antonyms:
Sl. Word Opposite Word
1. always never
2. good bad
3. friend enemy/foe
4. active inactive
5. absent present
6. agree disagree
7. doubtful undoubtful
8. grateful ungrateful
9. honest dishonest
10. pleasant unpleasant
11. pleased displeased
12. legal illegal
13. possible impossible
14. literate illiterate
15. present absent
16. punctual late
17. regular irregular
18. responsible irresponsible
19. honest dishonest
20. happy unhappy
21. hard easy
22. honor dishonor
23. healthy unhealthy
24. love hate
25. moral immoral
26. mortal immortal
27. comfortable uncomfortable
28. obey disobey
29. obedient disobedient
30. real unreal
31. rich poor
32. remember forget
33. right wrong
34. sincere insincere
35. solvent insolvent
36. wise unwise
37. willing unwilling
38. tall short
39. heavy light
40. intelligent Dull
41. support dispute
Try yourself:
(a) We love our motherland very much.
(b) I shall remember you always.
(c) A.K Fazlul Hoque was a popular leader.
(d) He was a famous politician.
Transformation of
sentences
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, গতকালের পর আজ ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় পত্রের part-A-এর transformation of sentences নিয়ে আলোচনা করব। এ ক্ষেত্রে একটি ছোট passage দেওয়া থাকবে এবং passage-এর অন্তর্ভুক্ত পাঁচটি sentence-এর নিচে দাগ টানা থাকবে। প্রত্যেকটি sentence-এর ডান পাশে বন্ধনীর ভেতর নির্দেশ দেওয়া থাকবে। নির্দেশ অনুসারে sentence গুলোকে পরিবর্তন করতে হবে। এ প্রশ্নটির জন্য নম্বর থাকবে ৫। পূর্ণাঙ্গ প্রশ্ন তুলে ধরার আগে transformation-এর নিয়মগুলো আলোচনা করবো।
Assertive to Interrogative
Rule-1: বাক্যটি Affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক) হলে interrogative করার সময় negative করতে হবে এবং বাক্যটি negative (না-বোধক) হলে interrogative করার সময় affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক) করতে হবে। অর্থাৎ not থাকলে not উঠে যাবে এবং not না থাকলে not দিতে হবে। example:
Assertive: He is my brother. Interrogative: Is he not my brother?
Assertive: Rina does not go to school.
Interrogative: Does Rina go to school?
Assertive: They could not drink the salty water.
Interrogative: Could they drink the salty water?
Try yourself: (b) He was present in the meeting.
(c) We are the citizens of Bangladesh.
(d) Shakespeare is the greatest dramatist in the world.
(e) Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
Rule-2: Auxiliary verb বিহীন assertive sentence যদি present indefinite tense হয় তবে don’t/doesn’t এবং past indefinite tense হলে did/didn’t কে sentence-এর প্রথমে বসিয়ে interrogative করতে হয়।
Example: Assertive: He learns his lesson regularly.
Interrogative: Doesn’t he learn his lesson regularly?
Assertive: He went to school. Interrogative: Didn’t he go to school?
Rule-3: Nobody/no one/none যুক্ত বাক্যকে interrogative করার সময় nobody/ no one/ none-এর পরিবর্তে who বসাতে হবে। আর কোনো পরিবর্তন হবে না। তবে বাক্যটি affirmative হবে।
Example: Assertive: Nobody believes him.
Interrogative: Who believes him?
Assertive: No one will support it. Interrogative: Who will support it?
Rule-4: Everyone/ everybody/ all যুক্ত sentence কে interrogative sentence-এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় everyone/ everybody/ all-এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে who বসবে। তারপর auxiliary verb এবং মূল verb-এর present form বসিয়ে বাকি অংশ লিখতে হবে।
Example: Assertive: Everybody wishes to be rich.
Interrogative: Who does not wish to be rich?
Assertive: Everybody hates a liar. Interrogative: Who doesn’t hate a liar?
Assertive: Everybody praises an honest man.
Interrogative: Who does not praise an honest man?
প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীরা, গতকালের পর আজ ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় পত্রের part-A-এর transformation of sentences নিয়ে আলোচনা করব। এ ক্ষেত্রে একটি ছোট passage দেওয়া থাকবে এবং passage-এর অন্তর্ভুক্ত পাঁচটি sentence-এর নিচে দাগ টানা থাকবে। প্রত্যেকটি sentence-এর ডান পাশে বন্ধনীর ভেতর নির্দেশ দেওয়া থাকবে। নির্দেশ অনুসারে sentence গুলোকে পরিবর্তন করতে হবে। এ প্রশ্নটির জন্য নম্বর থাকবে ৫। পূর্ণাঙ্গ প্রশ্ন তুলে ধরার আগে transformation-এর নিয়মগুলো আলোচনা করবো।
Assertive to Interrogative
Rule-1: বাক্যটি Affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক) হলে interrogative করার সময় negative করতে হবে এবং বাক্যটি negative (না-বোধক) হলে interrogative করার সময় affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক) করতে হবে। অর্থাৎ not থাকলে not উঠে যাবে এবং not না থাকলে not দিতে হবে। example:
Assertive: He is my brother. Interrogative: Is he not my brother?
Assertive: Rina does not go to school.
Interrogative: Does Rina go to school?
Assertive: They could not drink the salty water.
Interrogative: Could they drink the salty water?
Try yourself: (b) He was present in the meeting.
(c) We are the citizens of Bangladesh.
(d) Shakespeare is the greatest dramatist in the world.
(e) Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
Rule-2: Auxiliary verb বিহীন assertive sentence যদি present indefinite tense হয় তবে don’t/doesn’t এবং past indefinite tense হলে did/didn’t কে sentence-এর প্রথমে বসিয়ে interrogative করতে হয়।
Example: Assertive: He learns his lesson regularly.
Interrogative: Doesn’t he learn his lesson regularly?
Assertive: He went to school. Interrogative: Didn’t he go to school?
Rule-3: Nobody/no one/none যুক্ত বাক্যকে interrogative করার সময় nobody/ no one/ none-এর পরিবর্তে who বসাতে হবে। আর কোনো পরিবর্তন হবে না। তবে বাক্যটি affirmative হবে।
Example: Assertive: Nobody believes him.
Interrogative: Who believes him?
Assertive: No one will support it. Interrogative: Who will support it?
Rule-4: Everyone/ everybody/ all যুক্ত sentence কে interrogative sentence-এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় everyone/ everybody/ all-এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে who বসবে। তারপর auxiliary verb এবং মূল verb-এর present form বসিয়ে বাকি অংশ লিখতে হবে।
Example: Assertive: Everybody wishes to be rich.
Interrogative: Who does not wish to be rich?
Assertive: Everybody hates a liar. Interrogative: Who doesn’t hate a liar?
Assertive: Everybody praises an honest man.
Interrogative: Who does not praise an honest man?
Assertive to
Interrogative
Rule-5: Never/nothing যুক্ত assertive sentence কে interrogative sentence-এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় never-এর পরিবর্তে ever এবং nothing-এর পরিবর্তে anything হয়।
Example: Assertive: There is nothing to do for you.
Interrogative: Is there anything to do for you?
Try yourself:
a) We love our motherland very much.(Neg)
b) I shall remember you always. (Neg)
c) A.K Fazlul Hoque was a popular leader. (Neg)
d) He was a famous politician. (Neg)
e) A.K Fazlul Hoque was a popular leader. (Neg)
f) He was a famous politician. (Neg)
g) Both Mamun and Keya can do it. Neg)
h) Both the teachers and the students came to the meeting. (Neg)
i) He was too poor to buy a book. (Neg)
j) The boy was too poor to buy a shirt. (Neg)
k) They were always active. (Neg)
l) The nation will always remember the martyrs. (Neg)
m) This subject is less important than English. (Neg)
n) She was less intelligent than Adnan. (Neg)
o) Rana was less honest than Mamun. (Neg)
(p) Rana is taller than any other boy in the village. (Neg)
q) The man is cleverer than any other man in this area. (Neg)
(r) One must perform one's duty. (Neg)
(s) We must abide by law and order. (Neg)
(t) I have only three hundred taka. (Neg)
(u) She is only sixteen years old. (Neg)
(v) Shakespeare is the greatest dramatist in the world. (Int)
(w) Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. (Int)
(x) Who will support it? (Ass)
(y) Who believes him? (Ass)
(z) Everybody hates a liar.( Int)
Rule-5: Never/nothing যুক্ত assertive sentence কে interrogative sentence-এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় never-এর পরিবর্তে ever এবং nothing-এর পরিবর্তে anything হয়।
Example: Assertive: There is nothing to do for you.
Interrogative: Is there anything to do for you?
Try yourself:
a) We love our motherland very much.(Neg)
b) I shall remember you always. (Neg)
c) A.K Fazlul Hoque was a popular leader. (Neg)
d) He was a famous politician. (Neg)
e) A.K Fazlul Hoque was a popular leader. (Neg)
f) He was a famous politician. (Neg)
g) Both Mamun and Keya can do it. Neg)
h) Both the teachers and the students came to the meeting. (Neg)
i) He was too poor to buy a book. (Neg)
j) The boy was too poor to buy a shirt. (Neg)
k) They were always active. (Neg)
l) The nation will always remember the martyrs. (Neg)
m) This subject is less important than English. (Neg)
n) She was less intelligent than Adnan. (Neg)
o) Rana was less honest than Mamun. (Neg)
(p) Rana is taller than any other boy in the village. (Neg)
q) The man is cleverer than any other man in this area. (Neg)
(r) One must perform one's duty. (Neg)
(s) We must abide by law and order. (Neg)
(t) I have only three hundred taka. (Neg)
(u) She is only sixteen years old. (Neg)
(v) Shakespeare is the greatest dramatist in the world. (Int)
(w) Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. (Int)
(x) Who will support it? (Ass)
(y) Who believes him? (Ass)
(z) Everybody hates a liar.( Int)
Rule-1: Only/alone থাকলে
ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে none but, বস্তুর
ক্ষেত্রে nothing but, বয়স/সংখ্যার
ক্ষেত্রে not more than/not less
than বসে। যেমন:
Affirmative : He alone can do this.
Negative : None but he can do this.
Affirmative : Only the graduates should apply.
Negative : None but the graduates should apply.
Affirmative : I have only a few books.
Negative : I have nothing but a few books.
Affirmative : I have only ten millions.
Negative : I have not more than ten millions.
Affirmative : He is only ten years old.
Negative : He is not more than ten years old.
Try Yourself: (a) Allah alone can help us.
(b) Only the qualified candidates should apply for the post.
(c) The boys have only a few mangoes.
(d) I have only three hundred taka.
(e) She is only sixteen years old.
Rule-2: Must থাকলে cannot but/cannot help বসে। cannot help-এর পরে যে verb-এর তার সঙ্গে ing যোগ করতে হবে। যেমন:
Affirmative : I must help my brother.
Negative : I cannot but help my brother.
Or. Negative : I cannot helping my brother.
Affirmative : He must do it.
Negative : He cannot but do it.
Or. Negative : He cannot help doing it.
Affirmative : You must obey your teacher.
Negative : You cannot but obey your teacher.
Or. Negative : You cannot help obeying your teacher.
Try Yourself: (a) You must help the poor.
(b) He must buy new books.
(c) You must obey your elders.
(d) One must perform one’s duty.
(e) We must abide by law and order.
Rule-3: Every যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় every-এর স্থলে there is no বসে। এরপর every এর পরের শব্দটি + but বসে, এরপর sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে। যেমন:
Affirmative: Every mother loves her child.
Negative: There is no mother but loves her child.
Affirmative: Every one will support him.
Negative: There is no one but will support him.
Try Yourself: (a) Every father loves his son.
(b) Every one will perform his duty.
(c) Everybody hates a liar.
(d) Everybody respect an honest man.
(e) Every citizen loves his motherland.
Affirmative : He alone can do this.
Negative : None but he can do this.
Affirmative : Only the graduates should apply.
Negative : None but the graduates should apply.
Affirmative : I have only a few books.
Negative : I have nothing but a few books.
Affirmative : I have only ten millions.
Negative : I have not more than ten millions.
Affirmative : He is only ten years old.
Negative : He is not more than ten years old.
Try Yourself: (a) Allah alone can help us.
(b) Only the qualified candidates should apply for the post.
(c) The boys have only a few mangoes.
(d) I have only three hundred taka.
(e) She is only sixteen years old.
Rule-2: Must থাকলে cannot but/cannot help বসে। cannot help-এর পরে যে verb-এর তার সঙ্গে ing যোগ করতে হবে। যেমন:
Affirmative : I must help my brother.
Negative : I cannot but help my brother.
Or. Negative : I cannot helping my brother.
Affirmative : He must do it.
Negative : He cannot but do it.
Or. Negative : He cannot help doing it.
Affirmative : You must obey your teacher.
Negative : You cannot but obey your teacher.
Or. Negative : You cannot help obeying your teacher.
Try Yourself: (a) You must help the poor.
(b) He must buy new books.
(c) You must obey your elders.
(d) One must perform one’s duty.
(e) We must abide by law and order.
Rule-3: Every যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় every-এর স্থলে there is no বসে। এরপর every এর পরের শব্দটি + but বসে, এরপর sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে। যেমন:
Affirmative: Every mother loves her child.
Negative: There is no mother but loves her child.
Affirmative: Every one will support him.
Negative: There is no one but will support him.
Try Yourself: (a) Every father loves his son.
(b) Every one will perform his duty.
(c) Everybody hates a liar.
(d) Everybody respect an honest man.
(e) Every citizen loves his motherland.
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